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Fraunhofer diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction is the far-field diffraction pattern of light from an aperture, where wavefronts arrive as plane waves; first described by Joseph von Fraunhofer in 1823.
Fraunhofer lines
The Fraunhofer lines, also called the Fraunhofer spectrum, are dark absorption lines crossing the Sun's spectrum, first measured and lettered by Joseph von Fraunhofer around 1814 and explained by Bunsen and Kirchhoff around 1860.
Fraunhofer Society
The Fraunhofer Society is Germany's largest applied research organization, a nonprofit founded in Munich in 1949 that runs 76 institutes and developed the mp3 audio format.
Frazil ice
Frazil ice consists of fine ice crystals suspended in supercooled, turbulent water, forming first in rivers, lakes, and polar seas before becoming grease and pancake ice.
FRB 121102
FRB 121102 (also designated FRB 20121102A) is a repeating fast radio burst source in Auriga, first detected in 2012 and localized to a dwarf galaxy about 971 million parsecs away.
FRB 20180916B
FRB 20180916B (FRB 180916.J0158+65) is a repeating fast radio burst discovered by CHIME, the first FRB source with periodic activity, recurring in a 16.35-day cycle.
FRB 20181119D
FRB 20181119D is a single fast radio burst from FRB 121102, the first repeating source found, detected by CHIME/FRB on November 19, 2018 at the lowest frequency then seen.
FRB 20190520B
FRB 20190520B is a repeating fast radio burst detected by China's FAST telescope in 2019, co-located with a persistent radio source in a star-forming dwarf galaxy.
FRB 20200120E
FRB 20200120E is a repeating fast radio burst localized to a globular cluster of the spiral galaxy M81, the closest known extragalactic FRB at about 3.6 megaparsecs.
Fréchet derivative
The Fréchet derivative is the derivative of a map between Banach spaces, a bounded linear operator approximating it locally, named after Maurice Fréchet, who introduced metric spaces in 1906.
Fréchet regression
Fréchet regression is a statistical method for regressing random objects, such as probability distributions, covariance matrices, or shapes, on Euclidean predictors, introduced by Petersen and Müller in 2019.
Fréchet space
A Fréchet space, named for Maurice Fréchet, is a complete metrizable locally convex topological vector space whose topology is given by a countable family of seminorms.
Fred Basolo
Fred Basolo (1920–2007) was an American inorganic chemist who spent his career at Northwestern University, establishing the mechanisms of ligand-substitution reactions of metal complexes and coauthoring the 1958 textbook Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions.
Fred C. Anson
Fred C. Anson (1933–2024) was an American electrochemist, the Elizabeth W. Gilloon Professor at Caltech for 44 years, known for the Anson plot and polymer-modified electrodes.
Fred Cummings
Frederick Williams Cummings (1931–2019) was an American theoretical physicist who co-created the Jaynes–Cummings model, a 1963 cornerstone of quantum optics, and taught at UC Riverside.
Fred Galvin
Fred Galvin is a mathematician and Professor Emeritus at the University of Kansas, known for proving in 1995 that the list chromatic index of a bipartite multigraph equals its chromatic index, settling the Dinitz conjecture.
Fred Gamble
Fred Ridley Gamble, Jr. (1941–2025) was an American physical chemist who led an interdisciplinary research group at Exxon's labs and co-authored the 1975 lithium intercalation work in titanium disulfide.
Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle (1915–2001) was a British astronomer at Cambridge who coined the term "Big Bang" while opposing it, and pioneered the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.
Fred Kavli
Fred Kavli, born Fridtjof Kavli (1927–2013), was a Norwegian-born American physicist and entrepreneur who built the Kavlico sensor company, sold it in 2000, and funded basic science through The Kavli Foundation.
Fred Lawrence Whipple
Fred Lawrence Whipple (1906–2004) was an American astronomer at Harvard and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory who proposed the "dirty snowball" model of comets and invented the Whipple spacecraft shield.
Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory
The Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is the largest field research station of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, located on Mount Hopkins in southern Arizona and established in 1968.
Fred Talbot
Fred Talbot (Frederick Wilson Talbot) is a British former TV weather presenter, best known for forecasts from a floating map in Liverpool's Albert Dock on ITV's This Morning.
Fred W. Glover
Fred W. Glover, born in 1937, is an American operations researcher known for creating the metaheuristics Tabu Search and Scatter Search and for contributions to integer programming.
Fred W. McLafferty
Fred W. McLafferty (1923–2021) was an American chemist and mass spectrometrist at Cornell University, known for the McLafferty rearrangement and the first gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer.
Fred Wudl
Fred Wudl is an American organic chemist and materials scientist known for organic conductors and superconductors, fullerene chemistry, and self-healing polymers, now Professor Emeritus at UC Santa Barbara.
Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope
The Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST), formerly CCAT-prime, is a 6-meter submillimeter survey telescope on Cerro Chajnantor in Chile, run by a Cornell-led consortium, with first light expected in 2026.
Frederic A. Rasio
Frederic A. Rasio is a Belgian-born theoretical astrophysicist and Joseph Cummings Professor at Northwestern University, a founding co-director of CIERA known for work on eccentric exoplanets and dense star clusters.
Frederic Brenton Fitch
Frederic Brenton Fitch (1908–1987) was an American logician and Yale philosopher whose Fitch-style natural deduction appears in most elementary logic textbooks, and whose 1963 theorem became the knowability paradox.
Frédéric Jaouen
Frédéric Jaouen is a French CNRS research director in electrocatalysis at the Charles Gerhardt Institute, University of Montpellier, known for iron–nitrogen–carbon catalysts that replace platinum in fuel cells.
Frédéric Joliot-Curie
Frédéric Joliot-Curie, born Jean Frédéric Joliot, was a French physicist who shared the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with his wife Irène for discovering artificial radioactivity.