42,772 articles
Fuzzy set
A fuzzy set is a class in which membership is a matter of degree from 0 to 1, a concept introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in his 1965 paper "Fuzzy sets."
Fuzzy sphere
The fuzzy sphere is a noncommutative geometry that replaces functions on the two-sphere with finite matrix algebras, introduced by John Madore in 1992 as a symmetry-preserving cutoff.
Fuzzy TOPSIS
Fuzzy TOPSIS is a multi-criteria decision-making method that ranks alternatives when ratings and weights are vague, combining TOPSIS with fuzzy set theory, introduced by Chen-Tung Chen in 2000.
Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is a set-theoretic research method that finds combinations of causal conditions sufficient for an outcome, using calibrated fuzzy membership scores.
FV3 (dynamical core)
FV3, the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core, is a numerical solver for atmospheric equations developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, serving since 2019 as the core of NOAA's Global Forecast System.
G centers in silicon
The G center is an optically active defect in silicon, made of two carbon atoms and one silicon interstitial, that emits single photons in the telecom O-band.
g-block
The g-block is a hypothetical region of the extended periodic table where the 5g orbital fills, beginning somewhere in the eighth period beyond element 120.
G-computation
G-computation, also called the parametric g-formula, is a statistical method for estimating the causal effect of a treatment from observational data, introduced by James Robins in 1986.
G-factor (physics)
The g-factor, also called the g-value or dimensionless magnetic moment, is a dimensionless number relating a particle's or nucleus's magnetic moment to its angular momentum.
G-force
G-force, or gravitational force equivalent, is a measure of acceleration expressed as a multiple of standard gravity; despite the name, it is a ratio, not a force.
G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star, often called a yellow dwarf or G dwarf, fuses hydrogen into helium in its core; the Sun is the defining G2V example.
G. Alexander Mills
G. Alexander Mills, born George Alexander Mills (1914–2004), was a Canadian-born American chemist in industrial catalysis who worked with Eugene Houdry and led the University of Delaware's catalysis center.
G. Julius Vancsó
G. Julius Vancsó (Vancsó Gyula) is a Hungarian-born Dutch materials scientist who held the polymer chair at the University of Twente from 1995, now emeritus.
G. K. Surya Prakash
G. K. Surya Prakash, born in Bangalore in 1953, is an Indian-born American organofluorine chemist at USC known for the Prakash reagent and the Methanol Economy.
G. M. B. Dobson
G. M. B. Dobson, Gordon Miller Bourne Dobson, was an English physicist at Oxford who built the Dobson spectrophotometer and the Dobson unit for measuring atmospheric ozone.
G. N. Ramachandran
Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran (1922–2001) was an Indian physicist and crystallographer who proposed the triple-helical structure of collagen and introduced the Ramachandran plot, still the standard tool for validating protein structures.
G. N. Watson
G. N. Watson, George Neville Watson, was an English mathematician who wrote the standard treatise on Bessel functions, co-authored Modern Analysis with Whittaker, and proved the Rogers–Ramanujan identities.
G. Robert Meyerhoff
G. Robert Meyerhoff is a mathematician at Boston College who earned his Ph.D. at Princeton in 1981 under William Thurston and studies hyperbolic 3-manifolds and their volumes.
G. T. Ewan
G. T. Ewan, born George Ewan, was a Canadian nuclear physicist at Chalk River and Queen's University who pioneered germanium gamma-ray spectroscopy and co-founded the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.
G. V. Belyi
G. V. Belyi is a Soviet mathematician known for Belyi's theorem, proved in 1979 with a famously simple proof, which underlies Grothendieck's theory of dessins d'enfants.
G. W. Pierce
G. W. Pierce, full name George Washington Pierce, was an American physicist at Harvard who invented the Pierce oscillator, fixing radio transmitter frequencies, and directed Cruft Laboratory from 1914.
G.H. Hardy
G.H. Hardy, full name Godfrey Harold Hardy (1877–1947), was an English mathematician at Cambridge and Oxford, known for the Hardy–Ramanujan partition formula and the Hardy–Weinberg principle.
G29-38
G29-38, also cataloged as ZZ Psc and WD 2326+049, is a nearby pulsating white dwarf, the first found with a debris disk from a tidally destroyed asteroid.
G347.3-00.5
G347.3-00.5, also cataloged as RX J1713.7-3946, is a young shell-type supernova remnant in Scorpius about 1 kiloparsec away, discovered in the ROSAT X-ray all-sky survey.
Gabbro
Gabbro is a dark, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene; it is the plutonic equivalent of basalt and forms much of the lower oceanic crust.
Gábor A. Somorjai
Gábor A. Somorjai (1935–2025) was a Hungarian-born American chemist at UC Berkeley who founded the molecular surface science of heterogeneous catalysis and won the Wolf, Priestley, and Fermi awards.
Gábor Csányi
Gábor Csányi is a Hungarian-born computational scientist and Professor of Molecular Modelling at Cambridge, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2025, known for machine-learned interatomic potentials like Gaussian approximation potentials.
Gábor Szegő
Gábor Szegő (1895–1985) was a Hungarian-born classical analyst whose work on Toeplitz determinants and orthogonal polynomials named the Szegő kernel, limit theorem, and curve; he led Stanford's mathematics department from 1938.
Gábor Tardos
Gábor Tardos, born 1964 in Budapest, is a Hungarian combinatorics researcher at the Rényi Institute who won the 2020 Gödel Prize with Robin Moser for the constructive Lovász local lemma.
Gábor Tusnády
Gábor Tusnády is a Hungarian mathematician and Research Fellow at the Rényi Institute in Budapest, best known for the 1975 Komlós–Major–Tusnády strong approximation theorems and Tusnády's inequality, and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.