42,772 articles
Gammarus
Gammarus is a genus of amphipod crustaceans, mostly freshwater and brackish-water scavengers that shred leaf litter in streams, widely used as sentinel organisms in aquatic ecotoxicology.
GAMMASPHERE
GAMMASPHERE is a 4π gamma-ray spectrometer with 110 Compton-suppressed germanium detectors, built by a US national laboratory consortium led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and dedicated in 1995.
Gammoid
A gammoid is a matroid defined from a directed graph: a vertex set whose independent subsets are those reachable by vertex-disjoint paths from a starting set.
Gamow factor
The Gamow factor, also called the Gamow–Sommerfeld factor, is the exponential in the probability that two charged nuclei tunnel through their Coulomb barrier, introduced by George Gamow in 1928.
Ganciclovir
Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analog antiviral drug used to treat and prevent disease from human cytomegalovirus, chiefly in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients and people with AIDS.
Ganesha Daivajna
Ganesha Daivajna (Gaṇeśa Daivajña, born 1507) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician of Nandigram whose Grahalaghava, an astronomical handbook with epoch 1520, is still used by almanac-makers.
Gang Ren
Gang Ren (任罡) is a Chinese electron microscopist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory known for determining the 3.7 Å structure of the AQP1 water channel.
Gang Tian
Gang Tian (田刚) is a Chinese mathematician known for work on Kähler–Einstein metrics and for introducing K-stability, who held the Eugene Higgins Professorship at Princeton and directs BICMR in Beijing.
Gang Wu (chemist)
Gang Wu is a Professor of Chemistry at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, known for developing NMR methods for quadrupolar nuclei, especially oxygen-17, and for 2014 work on N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers on gold.
Ganymede (moon)
Ganymede, also known as Jupiter III, is Jupiter's largest moon and the largest in the solar system, discovered by Galileo in 1610, with evidence of a subsurface ocean.
GAP (computer algebra system)
GAP (Groups, Algorithms and Programming) is a free, open-source, extensible system for computation in discrete abstract algebra, emphasizing computational group theory and used in research and teaching.
Gap plasmon metasurfaces
Gap plasmon metasurfaces, also called gap-surface plasmon metasurfaces or GSPMs, are reflective planar optical devices in which metallic resonators on a thin dielectric spacer above a metal mirror shape reflected light.
Gap test (randomness testing)
The gap test is a chi-square goodness-of-fit test checking whether spacings between recurrences of a chosen value in a random number sequence follow the expected geometric distribution.
GAPS (experiment)
GAPS (General Antiparticle Spectrometer) is a NASA-sponsored Antarctic long-duration balloon experiment detecting low-energy antiprotons, antideuterons, and antihelium as signatures of dark matter; its first science flight flew 25 days in December 2025–January 2026.
GARCH model
The GARCH model, generalized from Engle's ARCH by Bollerslev in 1986, forecasts the conditional variance of returns from past squared errors, and its GARCH(1,1) form is the workhorse volatility model for daily returns.
Garden of forking paths
The garden of forking paths is a 2013 statistical concept by Andrew Gelman and Eric Loken describing how data-dependent analysis choices create a multiple comparisons problem without conscious p-hacking.
Gardner transition
The Gardner transition is a phase transition predicted within the glass phase, where a metastable state fractures into marginally stable sub-basins, first identified in 1985 by Elisabeth Gardner.
Gareth Roberts (Welsh physicist)
Sir Gareth Roberts, Gareth Gwyn Roberts, was a Welsh physicist in semiconductor device physics who led the University of Sheffield and wrote the 2002 Roberts Review.
Garfield's proof of the Pythagorean theorem
Garfield's proof of the Pythagorean theorem is a geometric proof devised in 1876 by James A. Garfield, then a US congressman and later the 20th president.
Garik Israelyan
Garik Israelyan, also published as Garik Israelian, is an Armenian astrophysicist at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, born in Yerevan in 1963.
GARIS-II
GARIS-II is a gas-filled recoil ion separator at RIKEN in Wako, Japan, built to study superheavy elements and used in the search for element 119.
Garlock Fault
The Garlock Fault is a major east–west, left-lateral strike-slip fault in southern California, running about 250 km from the San Andreas Fault to Death Valley and capable of magnitude 7.6 earthquakes.
Garnet
Garnet is a group of silicate minerals that supplies gemstones in nearly every color and a hard abrasive for waterjet cutting; it is January's birthstone.
Garnet K. L. Chan
Garnet K. L. Chan, also known as Garnet Kin-Lic Chan, is a Hong Kong-born theoretical chemist at Caltech known for tensor-network methods in quantum chemistry.
Garret Miyake
Garret M. Miyake is an American chemist at Colorado State University known for developing organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP), which makes polymers with organic catalysts and visible light.
Garrett Birkhoff
Garrett Birkhoff (1911–1996) was an American mathematician who spent his career at Harvard and is known for lattice theory, universal algebra, and the textbook Survey of Modern Algebra.
Garrison Sposito
Garrison Sposito (born 1939) is an American environmental soil chemist and chemical physicist, Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, known for his 1999 paper on clay mineral surface geochemistry.
Gary A. Baker
Gary A. Baker is an American analytical chemist at the University of Missouri who studies ionic liquids, carbon nanodots, and SERS, and received a 2008 PECASE award.
Gary A. Molander
Gary A. Molander is an American organic chemist, Hirschmann-Makineni Professor at the University of Pennsylvania since 1999, known for organotrifluoroborate reagents and photoredox/nickel dual catalysis.
Gary A. Steele
Gary A. Steele is a Canadian physicist, born in Toronto, who works on quantum nanoscience at Delft University of Technology, where he has been a full professor since 2018.