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Iridium(IV) oxide
Iridium(IV) oxide (IrO2, iridium dioxide) is the most common oxide of iridium, a blue-black crystalline solid with the rutile structure and metallic conductivity, serving as the benchmark anode catalyst for acidic water electrolysis.
Iris flower data set
The iris flower data set, also known as Fisher's Iris data set, is a collection of 150 flower measurements in three iris species, published by R. A. Fisher in 1936.
IrO2 oxygen evolution benchmark catalyst
Iridium oxide (IrO2, also written IrOx) is the benchmark electrocatalyst for acidic oxygen evolution in PEM electrolyzers, more stable than the more active RuO2, which dissolves 30 times faster.
Iroe
Iroe (色絵), also called aka-e in Arita, is Japanese ceramic decoration with colored enamels painted over the glaze and refired, emerging in the mid-17th century.
Iron
Iron (Fe) is a silvery-gray metal, the most widely used of all metals, the principal constituent of steel, and an essential nutrient for nearly all life.
Iron and nickel vapor in comets
Iron and nickel vapor in comets refers to neutral iron and nickel atoms found in cometary atmospheres, first widely detected in about twenty comets with the VLT in 2021.
Iron carbonyl photoredox catalysis
Iron carbonyl photoredox catalysis uses light-activated iron carbonyl complexes, such as iron pentacarbonyl and diiron nonacarbonyl, to drive single-electron redox and radical reactions, serving as photocatalysts, precatalysts, and carbon monoxide sources in organic synthesis.
Iron disulfide
Iron disulfide (FeS2) is an iron sulfide occurring as cubic pyrite and orthorhombic marcasite, long studied as a photovoltaic semiconductor and catalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution.
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization, more fully ocean iron fertilization (OIF), is a proposed carbon dioxide removal technique that adds iron to iron-poor surface waters, stimulating phytoplankton growth and carbon export to the deep ocean.
Iron germanide
Iron germanide (FeGe) is a binary intermetallic compound of iron and germanium that crystallizes in the cubic B20 structure and shows helimagnetism and skyrmion lattices near room temperature.
Iron hydride
Iron hydride (FeHₓ) is a compound of iron and hydrogen, stable as a solid or melt only under gigapascal pressures and studied as a candidate component of Earth's core.
Iron K-line reverberation mapping
Iron K-line reverberation mapping is an X-ray technique measuring the delay between an accreting black hole's continuum and its iron K emission line to probe the inner disk.
Iron mine near Djebel Taya
The iron mine near Djebel Taya was a nineteenth-century mining works on the Djebel Taya massif in the Guelma region of northeastern Algeria, mining antimony and mercury rather than iron.
Iron nitride
Iron nitrides are interstitial compounds of iron and nitrogen, ranging from Fe₈N to Fe₂N, whose best-known phase, Fe₁₆N₂, is pursued as a rare-earth-free magnet material.
Iron nitride magnet
An iron nitride magnet is a rare-earth-free permanent magnet based on the metastable α″-Fe16N2 phase, made from abundant iron and nitrogen; Niron Magnetics is commercializing it in Minnesota.
Iron ore
Iron ore is a mineral substance, almost always the iron oxides magnetite and hematite, that yields metallic iron when heated, and 98% of it goes to steelmaking.
Iron oxide
Iron oxide is any of a family of compounds of iron and oxygen, including magnetite, hematite, and goethite, that make up iron ores, rust on steel, and pigments used since prehistory.
Iron pentacarbonyl
Iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)₅, is a volatile, flammable, and toxic oily liquid made from iron and carbon monoxide, used mainly to produce carbonyl iron powder and iron oxide pigments.
Iron peroxide
Iron peroxide is a pyrite-structured iron oxide, FeO2, reported in 2016, which forms under deep lower-mantle pressures when the mineral goethite decomposes and is a candidate for ultralow-velocity zones above Earth's core.
Iron phthalocyanine
Iron phthalocyanine (FePc, FeC32H16N8) is a metallophthalocyanine, a planar iron complex with an FeN4 core resembling heme enzymes, used in pigments, nanotube growth, and electrocatalysis.
Iron phthalocyanine molecular catalysts for CO2 reduction
Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) is an iron complex of the phthalocyanine macrocycle, part of the heme-ligand catalyst family, used to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and formate.
Iron pincer hydrogenation catalysts
Iron pincer hydrogenation catalysts are homogeneous iron complexes in which tridentate pincer ligands stabilize reactive iron hydrides for hydrogenating ketones, esters, olefins, and carbon dioxide, replacing rare precious metals like ruthenium.
Iron pnictide superconductors
Iron pnictide superconductors are layered iron-arsenide compounds whose superconductivity emerges near a metallic antiferromagnetic state, first reported in LaOFeAs in 2008 with transition temperatures up to roughly 57 K.
Iron porphyrin
An iron porphyrin is an iron complex at the center of a porphyrin macrocycle, the same motif as heme, best known as a catalyst for CO2 reduction.
Iron porphyrin electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction
Iron porphyrin electrocatalysts are bio-inspired molecular catalysts in which iron is held by a porphyrin's four nitrogens and reduces oxygen, mainly to water, for fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Iron porphyrin electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Iron porphyrin electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide catalyzed by iron tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives; a landmark 2012 Science report achieved 50 million turnovers.
Iron rhodium
Iron rhodium (FeRh) is an intermetallic alloy of iron and rhodium that undergoes a first-order metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic just above room temperature, studied for magnetic refrigeration and spintronics.
Iron selenide
Iron selenide (FeSe) is the simplest iron-based superconductor, built from conductive layers without spacer planes, superconducting at about 8 K and far above 60 K as a monolayer film on SrTiO₃.
Iron sulfide
Iron sulfide refers to compounds and minerals of iron and sulfur, ranging from FeS to FeS2, including pyrite and pyrrhotite, and causing acid mine drainage when oxidized.
Iron tetraboride
Iron tetraboride (FeB4) is an iron boride compound predicted by computer searches in 2010-2011 and first synthesized in 2013, reported as a superconductor below 2.9 K.