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Physical world and mathematics

42,772 articles

List of obsolete units of measurement

The list of obsolete units of measurement covers units replaced by the metric system, from the ancient cubit and grain to the curie and U.S. survey foot.

List of oceanographers

The list of oceanographers covers notable scientists who study the ocean, spanning pioneers like Matthew Fontaine Maury to modern figures like Marie Tharp and Dean Roemmich.

List of Ohio tornadoes

The tornadoes recorded in Ohio since 1950 number over 1,500, spanning landmark outbreaks in 1965, 1974, 1985, and 2019, and a record 74 tornadoes in 2024.

List of organic reactions

The list of organic reactions catalogs transformations of organic compounds by overall type (addition, elimination, substitution, rearrangement), by mechanism (polar, radical, pericyclic), and by named reactions.

List of paradoxes

The list of paradoxes collects the best-known paradoxes of logic, mathematics, statistics, and ancient philosophy, including the Liar, Russell's, the sorites, Zeno's, Simpson's, and the Monty Hall problem.

List of particles

The list of particles covers the known elementary particles of the Standard Model, six quarks, six leptons, force-carrying bosons, and the Higgs boson, plus composites like baryons.

List of people who have flown to the Moon

The list of people who have flown to the Moon covers 24 Apollo astronauts, 1968 to 1972, and the four Artemis II crew of 2026.

List of Philippine tornadoes

The list of Philippine tornadoes covers tornadoes and waterspouts in the Philippines, locally called buhawi or ipo-ipo, documented from the early 1900s, with 1,186 reports compiled through 2025.

List of physicists

The list of physicists indexes people recognized for work in physics, organized by era, subfield, or honors, and profiles figures like Marie Curie and Lise Meitner.

List of planetary nebulae

The list of planetary nebulae covers the roughly 3,000 known clouds of gas ejected by dying sun-like stars, including the Dumbbell, Ring, and Helix Nebulae and their catalogs.

List of polyurethane applications

The list of polyurethane applications covers the uses of polyurethane, a polymer family first synthesized in 1937, spanning furniture foam, building insulation, cars, footwear, coatings, and medical implants.

List of possible dwarf planets

The list of possible dwarf planets covers bodies likely to meet the IAU's definition, beyond the five officially recognized: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris.

List of potentially habitable exoplanets

This list covers potentially habitable exoplanets: planets outside the Solar System orbiting in their star's habitable zone, where liquid water could exist, and small enough to plausibly be rocky.

List of predicted asteroid impacts on Earth

The list of predicted asteroid impacts on Earth catalogs near-Earth asteroids with non-zero computed impact probabilities, maintained by NASA's Sentry and ESA's Aegis over 100-year horizons.

List of prime numbers

The list of prime numbers is the infinite ordered sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and so on: integers greater than 1 divisible only by 1 and themselves.

List of probability distributions

The list of probability distributions, also known as the list of statistical distributions, catalogs named probability distributions, discrete and continuous, including the normal, binomial, and Poisson distributions.

List of proper names of stars

The list of proper names of stars covers names like Sirius and Vega that the International Astronomical Union recognizes as official, kept in its Catalog of Star Names since 2016.

List of publications in mathematics

The list of publications in mathematics is a curated record of the mathematical literature, from Euclid's Elements of 300 BC to modern reviewing databases like MathSciNet and zbMATH Open.

List of Queensland tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclones that form in or affect the Coral Sea and the Queensland coast of Australia, including Althea (1971), Larry (2006), Yasi (2011), and Alfred (2025).

List of representations of e

The list of representations of e collects the infinite series, limits, continued fractions, and infinite products converging to e, the base of the natural logarithm, equal to about 2.71828.

List of retired Atlantic hurricane names

The list of retired Atlantic hurricane names covers the 83 storm names, like Katrina and Sandy, that the WMO has removed from reuse because the storms were deadly or destructive.

List of retired Australian region cyclone names

The list of retired Australian region cyclone names covers names permanently retired after severe impacts, from Audrey and Flora in 1964 through Freddy, Gabrielle, and Ilsa in 2023.

List of retired Pacific hurricane names

The list of retired Pacific hurricane names covers deadly eastern and central Pacific storms, from Adele in 1970 to John in 2024, whose names the World Meteorological Organization has withdrawn from reuse.

List of retired Philippine typhoon names

The list of retired Philippine typhoon names covers the 71 names PAGASA has decommissioned and 50 it has delisted since 1963, after deadly or costly storms like Yolanda.

List of river systems by length

A list of river systems by length ranks the world's river systems, with the Nile and Amazon contending for first place and figures varying by measurement method.

List of rock formations

The list of rock formations gathers notable scenic rocks, from Balanced Rock and Delicate Arch in Utah to the Burren in Ireland, and explains how erosion shapes them.

List of rock types

The list of rock types, also called types of rocks, catalogs the named rocks in the three classes by origin: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, from granite and basalt to schist.

List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein

The list of scientific publications by Albert Einstein, also cataloged in the Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, covers his 300-plus scientific works published from 1901 to 1954.

List of semiconductor materials

The list of semiconductor materials catalogs solids whose conductivity is precisely controlled by doping: silicon and germanium, III-V and II-VI compounds, wide-bandgap SiC and GaN, and organics.

List of sensors

The list of sensors covers the principal sensor types, devices that convert a physical, biological, or chemical quantity into an electrical signal, classified by measurand, transduction principle, and deployment.