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Physical world and mathematics

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List of unexplained sounds

The list of unexplained sounds is a catalog of noises whose sources were unknown at recording, notably NOAA's 1990s underwater sounds and the mysterious Hum.

List of United States hurricanes

The list of United States hurricanes covers tropical cyclones with hurricane-force winds affecting US territory from 1851, led by the 1900 Galveston hurricane in deaths and Katrina in damage.

List of United States tornadoes from April to May 2023

The list of United States tornadoes from April to May 2023 catalogs 147 April and 536 May tornadoes confirmed by National Weather Service surveys, with 9 deaths overall.

List of United States tornadoes from January to March 2026

A list of the 289 preliminary tornado reports in the United States from January to March 2026, including an early-March outbreak from Texas to Michigan that killed 13 people.

List of United States tornadoes from July to September 2026

The list of United States tornadoes from July to September 2026 covers confirmed and preliminary tornadoes, including a Wisconsin EF3 and Detroit's first tornado since 1997.

List of United States tornadoes from May to June 2026

The list of United States tornadoes from May to June 2026 covers a quiet May followed by a record-setting June with major outbreaks in Illinois, Indiana, and Mississippi.

List of United States tornadoes in April 2026

The list of United States tornadoes in April 2026 covers a preliminary 306 tornado reports and one death, including an EF-4 tornado that struck Enid, Oklahoma.

List of unsaturated fatty acids

The list of unsaturated fatty acids enumerates fatty acids containing carbon-carbon double bonds, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, EPA, and DHA, organized by shorthand notation.

List of unsolved problems in mathematics

The list of unsolved problems in mathematics covers famous open problems such as the Riemann hypothesis, P versus NP, and the Millennium Prize Problems, each worth $1 million.

List of unsolved problems in physics

The open questions that accepted physics theories cannot fully answer, from the nature of dark energy and dark matter to quantum gravity, high-temperature superconductivity, and turbulence.

List of unusual units of measurement

Unusual units of measurement are units outside coherent systems, from physics jargon like the barn and shake to jokes like the smoot, invented at MIT in 1958.

List of Virginia hurricanes

List of Virginia hurricanes covers tropical cyclones affecting the state since 1635; hurricanes strike about every 2.3 years, and Camille in 1969 killed 153 people.

List of volcanic eruptions by death toll

The list of volcanic eruptions by death toll, also called the list of deadly volcanic eruptions, ranks eruptions by deaths, led by Tambora in 1815 at 92,000 and Krakatau in 1883 at 36,000.

List of volcanoes in Indonesia

The list of volcanoes in Indonesia covers the archipelago's roughly 500 volcanoes, 127 of them active as of 2025, formed along the Sunda and Banda arcs.

List of Washington (state) tornadoes

The list of Washington state tornadoes covers 136 recorded since 1950, mostly weak and east of the Cascades; the deadliest, the 1972 Vancouver tornado, killed six people.

List of weather records

The list of weather records covers officially recognized extremes such as Death Valley's 134 °F heat and Vostok's −128.6 °F cold, certified by the World Meteorological Organization.

List of wildfires

The list of wildfires, also called the list of bushfires, catalogs notable wildfires chiefly in North America and Europe, including the 1988 Yellowstone fires and the 2025 Southern California fires.

Lists of astronomical objects

Lists of astronomical objects, also known as lists of celestial bodies, are catalogs recording stars, galaxies, and exoplanets, ranging from ancient star lists to modern surveys like Gaia.

Lists of colors

The lists of colors, also covered as a list of color names, anchor color names to defined values in systems like CSS named colors and the ISCC-NBS dictionary.

Lists of integrals

Lists of integrals, also called tables of integrals, are reference collections cataloging antiderivatives and definite integrals, ranging from textbook appendices to Gradshteyn and Ryzhik's 1,171-page handbook.

Lists of mathematics topics

Lists of mathematics topics, such as the topical outline of mathematics, enumerate the fields and subfields of mathematics, most formally through the Mathematics Subject Classification maintained by Mathematical Reviews and zbMATH.

Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents

The lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents catalog events where radiation or radioactive material was released, ordered by the 0 to 7 INES scale.

Lists of planets

Lists of planets are catalogs of which bodies count as planets: the Solar System's eight under the IAU's 2006 definition, and exoplanet lists led by the NASA Exoplanet Archive.

Lists of stars

Lists of stars are compilations of stars, from bright and nearest-star lists to all-sky catalogs, with the IAU keeping official names and surveys like Gaia recording measured properties.

Lists of volcanoes

Lists of volcanoes: catalogs of volcanic features organized by name, country, elevation, type, or activity status. Key sources are the Smithsonian GVP (1,214 Holocene-active volcanoes), NOAA NCEI (over 1,600 locations, over 800 eruptions), and USGS GVP-linked records.

LiteBIRD

LiteBIRD is a JAXA space mission that will map the polarization of the cosmic microwave background over the entire sky to test cosmic inflation, targeting launch in 2036.

Lithification

Lithification is the conversion of loose sediment into solid sedimentary rock, typically through compaction and cementation by minerals from pore waters, forming rocks such as sandstone and limestone.

Lithium

Lithium (Li, atomic number 3) is the lightest metal and first alkali metal, discovered in 1817, whose main use is rechargeable batteries, especially for electric vehicles.

Lithium aluminium hydride

Lithium aluminum hydride, abbreviated LAH, is an inorganic compound with the formula LiAlH₄, a white crystalline powder and one of the strongest hydride reducing agents in organic synthesis.

Lithium Americas Corp

Lithium Americas Corp is a Canadian-incorporated lithium development company whose principal asset is Thacker Pass, a sedimentary claystone lithium deposit in the McDermitt Caldera, Humboldt County, Nevada.