42,772 articles
Little Ice Age
The Little Ice Age, also called the mini ice age, was a period of cooler climate from about 1300 to 1850, when glaciers advanced and the coldest decades came in the 17th century.
Little Red Dots
Little red dots are compact red sources at high redshift, discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope in 2022 and thought to involve growing supermassive black holes.
Little string theory
Little string theory is a six-dimensional, non-gravitational quantum theory arising from NS5-branes, behaving like a field theory at low energies but stringlike at high energies.
Little's law
Little's law, or Little's theorem, is a theorem of queueing theory stating that L = λW: average number in a system equals arrival rate times average time.
Littlewood conjecture
The Littlewood conjecture is an open problem in Diophantine approximation, stating that every pair of real numbers can be simultaneously approximated by rationals with the same denominator.
Littlewood–Offord problem
The Littlewood–Offord problem asks for the largest probability that a random signed sum of fixed coefficients lands on one value or in a small interval; Paul Erdős proved the sharp bound in 1945.
Littlewood–Richardson rule
The Littlewood–Richardson rule is a combinatorial rule for computing the Littlewood–Richardson coefficients that expand products of Schur functions, stated by Littlewood and Richardson in 1934.
Littoral cell
A littoral cell, also called a sediment cell or coastal compartment, is a length of coastline whose sediment movement is largely self-contained, a unit used for calculating sediment budgets.
Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)
The Lutheran liturgical calendar is the annual cycle of Sundays, seasons, feasts, and commemorations by which Lutheran churches order worship, beginning with Advent and paired with one- or three-year lectionaries.
Liturgical year
The liturgical year, also called the church year, is the annual cycle of seasons and feasts through which Christian churches commemorate the life of Christ.
Liu Chao-Han
Liu Chao-Han (刘兆汉) is a Taiwanese space and radio scientist who pioneered GPS radio occultation for weather monitoring and was elected to the US National Academy of Engineering in 2012.
Liu Dongsheng
Liu Dongsheng (刘东生; 1917–2008) was a Chinese geologist known as the father of loess, who turned China's Loess Plateau deposits into a continuous 2.5-million-year climate record, winning the Tyler Prize in 2002.
Livermorium
Livermorium (formerly ununhexium, Uuh) is a synthetic chemical element with atomic number 116, first made in Dubna, Russia, in 2000 and named for Livermore, California.
Living crystals
Living crystals are crystalline assemblies of self-propelled particles that continuously form, break apart, and re-form out of thermodynamic equilibrium, first demonstrated with light-activated colloids in 2013.
Living evidence synthesis
A living evidence synthesis is a systematic review or guideline continually updated as new evidence becomes available, with monthly searches and new versions published when conclusions might change.
Living lab
A living lab is a user-centered open innovation ecosystem where companies, agencies, universities, and users co-create and test innovations in real-life settings, a concept that emerged around 2000.
Living polymerization
Living polymerization is a chain-growth polymerization in which chain transfer and termination are absent, so growing chains stay active, coined by Michael Szwarc in 1956.
Living Standards Measurement Study
The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) is a World Bank household survey program established in 1980 to improve the quality of household data collected in developing countries for policymaking.
Living supramolecular polymerization
Living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) is a chain-growth form of self-assembly without termination, controlling fiber or sheet length by monomer-to-seed ratio and enabling supramolecular block copolymers.
Living systematic review
A living systematic review (LSR) is a systematic review continually updated as new evidence becomes available, keeping its conclusions current instead of aging between updates.
Liviu M. Mirica
Liviu M. Mirica is an American inorganic and organometallic chemist who has been the Lycan Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign since 2019, known for nickel and palladium catalysis.
Lizardite
Lizardite is a trigonal magnesium phyllosilicate mineral of the serpentine subgroup, alongside chrysotile and antigorite, forming during low-temperature alteration of ultramafic rocks and named for the Lizard peninsula, Cornwall.
LK-99
LK-99, a copper-doped lead apatite, was claimed in July 2023 by South Korean researchers to superconduct at room temperature, but replication efforts found no superconductivity.
LKAB
LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB) is a Swedish mining company wholly owned by the state since 1976, producing iron ore from underground mines at Kiruna and Malmberget.
LkHA 101
LkHα 101 is a heavily reddened Herbig Be star about 535 parsecs away in Perseus, illuminating NGC 1579 and known for its directly imaged circumstellar disk.
Llaima
Llaima, Chilean stratovolcano in Araucania's Southern Volcanic Zone, 3,125-3,179 m, one of South America's most active with about 56 eruptions since 1852; last erupted 2007-2009, main hazard lahars.
Llewellyn Thomas
Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas was a British-born American theoretical physicist known for Thomas precession and the Thomas–Fermi model, and elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1958.
LLL lattice reduction
LLL lattice reduction is a 1982 algorithm by Lenstra, Lenstra, and Lovász that turns a lattice basis into short, nearly orthogonal vectors in polynomial time.
Lloyd Berkner
Lloyd Berkner (1905–1967) was an American geophysicist and electrical engineer who built the first automatic ionospheric observatories and proposed the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958.
Lloyd D Keigwin
Lloyd D Keigwin is a paleoceanographer and Senior Scientist in Geology and Geophysics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, known for reconstructing past Atlantic ocean circulation from deep-sea sediments.