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Lloyd Hollenberg
Lloyd Hollenberg is an Australian quantum physicist at the University of Melbourne, elected to the Australian Academy of Science in 2018, known for silicon quantum computing and diamond quantum sensing.
Lloyd N. Trefethen
Lloyd N. Trefethen, known as Nick Trefethen, is a numerical analyst, Professor of Applied Mathematics at Harvard since 2023 after 26 years at Oxford, known for pseudospectra and Chebfun.
Lloyd S. Cluff
Lloyd S. Cluff (died 2019) was an American earthquake geologist, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1978, who led earthquake risk management at PG&E.
Lloyd's mirror
Lloyd's mirror is an optical arrangement in which light from a single source interferes with its grazing-angle reflection from a flat mirror, first described by Humphrey Lloyd in 1834.
Lluís Torner
Lluís Torner (born 1961) is a Catalan physicist in optics and photonics who founded and directed the Institute of Photonic Sciences in Barcelona from 2002.
LMC X-1
LMC X-1 is a persistent black hole X-ray binary in the Large Magellanic Cloud and the first extragalactic black hole binary discovered, one of the galaxy's brightest X-ray sources.
LMC X-3
LMC X-3 is a black hole X-ray binary in the Large Magellanic Cloud, holding a black hole of about 7 solar masses orbiting a B star every 1.70 days.
LMC X-4
LMC X-4 is an eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary in the Large Magellanic Cloud, where a neutron star with a 13.5 s spin period accretes from a massive O-type companion.
LMFDB
The LMFDB (L-functions and Modular Forms Database) is an open-source online database at www.lmfdb.org cataloging L-functions, modular forms, and related mathematical objects, first released in 2016.
LNO-CCSD(T)
LNO-CCSD(T) is a reduced-scaling quantum chemistry method that approximates CCSD(T) using local natural orbitals, reproducing canonical CCSD(T) energies while reaching molecules of hundreds of atoms.
Load cell
A load cell is a transducer that converts mechanical force, such as weight, tension, or compression, into a measurable electrical signal, and it is the sensing element of most electronic scales.
Load testing
Load testing is a family of mechanical tests that apply controlled force to a specimen to measure deformation, yield, and failure, most commonly in tensile mode.
Loam
Loam, also known as loam soil, is a soil texture class with a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, conventionally about 40 percent sand, 40 percent silt, and 20 percent clay.
Löb's theorem
Löb's theorem, proved by Martin Löb in 1955, states that if a theory proves that a provable sentence is true, the theory already proves that sentence.
Local Bubble
The Local Bubble, called the Local Hot Bubble in X-ray astronomy, is a hot, low-density cavity around the Sun carved out by 14 to 20 supernovae starting about 14 million years ago.
Local causality
Local causality is a principle formulated by physicist John Stewart Bell stating that events in one region should not depend on spacelike separated events given the complete shared past.
Local class field theory
Local class field theory is the part of number theory that classifies abelian extensions of a local field, identifying their Galois groups with quotients of the field's multiplicative group.
Local cohomology
Local cohomology is a construction in commutative algebra, introduced by Grothendieck in the early 1960s, whose functors measure a module's behavior near a closed set and test depth.
Local elevation
Local elevation (LE) is an enhanced-sampling method for molecular dynamics simulation, introduced at ETH Zürich in 1994, that penalizes already-visited conformations to encourage broader exploration.
Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter
The Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) is a data assimilation algorithm introduced by Hunt, Kostelich, and Szunyogh in 2007 that combines model forecasts with observations.
Local field
A local field in algebraic number theory is a field complete with respect to a discrete valuation and having a finite residue field, such as the p-adic numbers.
Local Group
The Local Group is the gravitationally bound galaxy group containing the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy, and about 100 smaller galaxies across nearly 10 million light-years.
Local hidden-variable theory
A local hidden-variable theory (also called local hidden variables) explains measurement outcomes on separated particles by pre-existing properties and no faster-than-light influence, and Bell's theorem rules it out experimentally.
Local Hot Bubble
The Local Hot Bubble, also called the Local Bubble, is a cavity of hot, low-density X-ray-emitting plasma surrounding the Sun, likely carved by supernovae beginning roughly 14 million years ago.
Local Interstellar Cloud
The Local Interstellar Cloud, nicknamed the Local Fluff, is a warm, tenuous interstellar cloud the solar system is traversing, expected to exit within 2,000 to 6,000 years.
Local lattice distortion in high-entropy alloys
Local lattice distortion (LLD) in high-entropy alloys is the static displacement of atoms from ideal lattice sites, caused by atomic size differences among the alloy's principal elements.
Local Law 97 (New York City)
Local Law 97 is a 2019 New York City law setting greenhouse gas emissions limits on most large buildings over 25,000 square feet, reaching net zero by 2050.
Local martingale
A local martingale is a stochastic process that becomes a true martingale when stopped at suitable stopping times increasing to infinity; every martingale is one, but not conversely.
Local mean decomposition
Local mean decomposition is an adaptive signal processing method that breaks modulated signals into product functions, yielding instantaneous amplitude and frequency without the Hilbert transform.
Local pH effects in CO2 electrolysis
Local pH effects in CO2 electroreduction arise when cathodic hydroxide generation raises interfacial pH up to 6 units above bulk, suppressing hydrogen and favoring multicarbon products on copper.