edgepedia

Physical world and mathematics

42,772 articles

MINSTED nanoscopy

MINSTED nanoscopy is a super-resolution fluorescence microscopy technique introduced in late 2020 by Stefan W. Hell's group, which steers a doughnut-shaped STED beam to localize single fluorophores at molecular scale.

Minto mine (Yukon)

The Minto mine is a copper-gold-silver mine in central Yukon, about 240 kilometers northwest of Whitehorse, which produced copper concentrate from 2007 until its abandonment in May 2023.

Minute (time)

The minute (symbol min) is a unit of time equal to 60 seconds, or one sixtieth of an hour, accepted for use with the SI.

Minute and second of arc

The minute and second of arc, also called the arcminute and arcsecond, are units of angle equal to 1/60 and 1/3,600 of a degree, widely used in astronomy.

Minze Stuiver

Minze Stuiver was a Dutch-born radiocarbon scientist who founded and directed the Quaternary Isotope Laboratory at the University of Washington and created the CALIB calibration software.

Miocene

The Miocene is a geological epoch from 23.03 to 5.333 million years ago, the first epoch of the Neogene, when grasslands spread and the first apes appeared.

Miocene Climatic Optimum

The Miocene Climatic Optimum was a middle Miocene warm interval from about 16.9 to 14.7 million years ago, with global temperatures 3 to 4 °C warmer than today.

MIP-MPEG chewing gum polymer

MIP-MPEG (Rev-7/Rev7), maleated isoprenyl polymer with methoxy-polyethylene glycol, a Revolymer graft copolymer gum base additive for low-adhesion, removable chewing gum; FDA GRN 374 (2011) no questions, EFSA novel food opinion found safe.

Miquel Salmerón

Miquel Salmerón is a Spanish-born surface physicist and Senior Staff Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who developed ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-pressure microscopy for studying catalysts under real working conditions.

Mira

Mira, formally Omicron Ceti, is a pulsating red giant star in Cetus about 300 light-years away whose brightness varies over roughly 330 days; it was the first periodic variable discovered and names the Mira variables.

Mira variable

A Mira variable is a pulsating red giant star that brightens and fades by more than 2.5 magnitudes over periods of roughly 100 to 1,000 days.

Mirabilite

Mirabilite, also known as Glauber's salt, is a colorless to white, very water-soluble hydrated sodium sulfate mineral deposited seasonally in salt pans, playas, and saline lakes, named for Glauber's 'miracle salt.'

Mirage

A mirage is an inverted image of a distant object produced by atmospheric refraction, in which light bends through air layers of changing temperature and density.

Miralga impact structure

Miralga impact structure is a deeply eroded meteorite impact structure on North Pole Dome in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, identified by shatter cones in Archean basalts.

Mirambel Formation

Mirambel Formation (Formación Mirambel), a Barremian Lower Cretaceous unit in the Maestrazgo Basin, Iberian Chain, NE Spain; about 200 m of alternating alluvial and lacustrine facies, rich in dinosaur bones, tracks, and eggshells, including Portellsaurus sosbaynati.

Miranda (moon)

Miranda (Uranus V) is the smallest and innermost of Uranus's five major moons, discovered in 1948 and found by Voyager 2 in 1986 to have unique patchwork terrain called coronae.

Mircea Dincă

Mircea Dincă is an inorganic and materials chemist, Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University since 2025, known for electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks, water-harvesting materials, and battery electrodes.

Miriam S. Vitiello

Miriam Serena Vitiello is an Italian physicist who researches terahertz quantum cascade lasers, leading a group at the CNR Nanoscience Institute in Pisa since 2010.

Mirion Technologies

Mirion Technologies, Inc. is an American radiation detection and monitoring company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, serving nuclear, defense, medical, and research markets with about 2,800 employees.

MIROC (climate model)

MIROC, the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, is a Japanese coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model developed by NIES, the University of Tokyo, and JAMSTEC, contributing to CMIP and IPCC reports.

Miroslav Katětov

Miroslav Katětov (1918–1995) was a Czech mathematician and chess master who made foundational contributions to general topology and functional analysis while playing competitive chess for Czechoslovakia.

Mirror circuits benchmarking

Mirror circuits benchmarking is a family of quantum computer performance tests, developed at Sandia National Laboratories, that predicts how likely a quantum processor is to run a program without errors.

Mirror image

A mirror image, also called a mirror reflection, is the virtual image of an object formed by reflection in a mirror, appearing as far behind it as the object is in front.

Mirror instability

The mirror instability is a low-frequency, non-propagating plasma instability in high-beta magnetized plasmas, driven by temperature anisotropy and producing magnetic holes and peaks common in planetary and cometary magnetosheaths.

Mirror map (string theory)

In string theory and mirror symmetry, a mirror map is the change of variables identifying the parameter spaces of mirror Calabi–Yau geometries, built from Picard–Fuchs period solutions.

Mirror matter

Mirror matter is a hypothetical form of matter whose particles mirror the known Standard Model particles but interact with ordinary matter almost exclusively through gravity.

Mirror nuclei

Mirror nuclei are pairs of atomic nuclei with the same mass number in which proton and neutron numbers are exchanged, such as tritium and helium-3 or carbon-13 and nitrogen-13.

Mirror symmetry (string theory)

Mirror symmetry is a string theory duality relating pairs of Calabi–Yau manifolds, where type IIA on one is equivalent to type IIB on the other; it arose in the late 1980s.

Mischa Bonn

Mischa Bonn (born 1971) is a Dutch physical chemist who directs the Department of Molecular Spectroscopy at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, Germany.

Mischa Cotlar

Mischa Cotlar was an Argentine harmonic analyst who taught himself mathematics while working as a pianist in Montevideo, earned a 1953 Chicago doctorate under Zygmund, and proved Cotlar's lemma.