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Mount Pelée
Mount Pelée, also known as Montagne Pelée, is an active stratovolcano at the northern end of Martinique, deadliest for its 1902 eruption that destroyed Saint-Pierre.
Mount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano on Luzon in the Philippines, whose June 1991 eruption was the 20th century's second largest and cooled global temperatures.
Mount Sipylus
Mount Sipylus (Spil Dağı) is a limestone mountain in western Anatolia, Turkey, rising south of Manisa and known in antiquity as the home of Tantalus and Niobe.
Mount Tambora
Mount Tambora, also spelled Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, whose April 1815 eruption, history's largest, caused the 1816 "year without a summer."
Mount Unzen (雲仙岳)
Mount Unzen (雲仙岳), also called Unzen Volcano, is a compound stratovolcano in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, whose 1792 tsunami killed about 15,000 people and whose 1990–1995 eruption killed 43.
Mount Vesuvius
Mount Vesuvius (Monte Vesuvio) is an active volcano near Naples, Italy, part of the Somma-Vesuvius complex, best known for its 79 CE eruption that buried Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Mount Washington Observatory
Mount Washington Observatory, a private nonprofit founded in 1932, operates a staffed weather station atop Mount Washington, New Hampshire, recording 231 mph winds in 1934.
Mount Wilson Observatory
Mount Wilson Observatory is an observatory on Mount Wilson near Pasadena, California, founded by George Ellery Hale in 1904 and home to the 100-inch Hooker telescope.
Mountain
A mountain is a landform rising prominently above its surroundings to a peak or summit, typically at least 1,000 feet, though no globally accepted definition of a mountain exists.
Mountain breeze and valley breeze
A mountain breeze and a valley breeze are two phases of a daily wind circulation over mountainous terrain: the valley breeze blows upslope by day, the mountain breeze downslope at night.
Mountain formation
Mountain formation, called orogeny or mountain building, is the set of geological processes that build mountain ranges, chiefly through the collision and convergence of tectonic plates.
Mountain pass theorem
The mountain pass theorem is a result in the calculus of variations, proved by Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz in 1973, guaranteeing a critical point of a functional.
Mountain Time Zone
The Mountain Time Zone, a North American zone keeping Mountain Standard Time (UTC−7), lies between the Central and Pacific zones, and most of Arizona stays on it year-round.
Moustafa T. Chahine
Moustafa T. Chahine (1935–2011) was a Lebanese-born atmospheric physicist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who developed the Relaxation Method for satellite sounding and founded the AIRS mission.
Movable cellular automaton
The movable cellular automaton (MCA) method is a particle-based numerical technique for simulating the deformation and fracture of materials, developed in Tomsk in the late 1990s.
Moving average
A moving average, also known as a rolling or running average, is a statistic that averages successive subsets of a data series, smoothing short-term fluctuations in statistics, signal processing, and finance.
Moving group
A moving group is a set of gravitationally unbound stars that share a common space motion through the Galaxy but are scattered across the whole sky.
Moving horizon estimation
Moving horizon estimation (MHE), also called receding-horizon estimation, estimates a dynamic system's state by solving a constrained optimization over a sliding window of recent measurements, handling nonlinear models and constraints that defeat the Kalman filter.
Moving least squares
Moving least squares is a local regression method that fits a weighted polynomial over moving neighborhoods of scattered data, used in statistics and surface reconstruction.
Moving magnet and conductor problem
The moving magnet and conductor problem is an electrodynamics thought experiment asking why identical currents arise whether the magnet or the conductor moves, which opened Einstein's 1905 relativity paper.
Moving mesh method
A moving mesh method is a numerical technique for solving partial differential equations that continuously relocates a fixed number of mesh nodes toward regions where the solution varies rapidly.
Moving particle simulation
Moving particle simulation, the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, is a meshfree Lagrangian particle method for incompressible fluid flows, introduced by S. Koshizuka and Y. Oka at the University of Tokyo in 1996.
Moving sofa problem
The moving sofa problem, or moving couch problem, asks for the largest-area planar shape that can move around a right-angled corner in a unit-width hallway.
Moving-average model
A moving-average model is a time series model expressing the current observation as a linear combination of current and past white-noise shocks, used for forecasting.
Moxidectin
Moxidectin is a milbemycin macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic approved by the FDA in 2018 as the first new river blindness treatment in 20 years, and also used widely in veterinary medicine.
Mozingo reduction
The Mozingo reduction is a two-step organic reaction that deoxygenates aldehydes and ketones to methylene groups via thioacetal formation and Raney nickel desulfurization, named for Ralph Mozingo.
Mpemba effect
The Mpemba effect, also called the Mpemba paradox, is the contested claim that initially hotter water freezes sooner than cooler water, named for Tanzanian schoolboy Erasto Mpemba, who observed it in 1963.
MPI-ESM
MPI-ESM (Max Planck Institute Earth System Model) is a coupled Earth system model developed by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, serving as its CMIP5 contribution.
MPLNET
MPLNET, the NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network, is a worldwide network of eye-safe Micro-Pulse Lidar systems run by NASA and partners to continuously measure aerosol and cloud vertical structure.
Mplus
Mplus is a commercial statistical program for latent variable modeling, developed by Muthén & Muthén of Los Angeles and first released in November 1998. It is widely used in the social, behavioral, and health sciences.