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Muffle furnace
A muffle furnace is a small, insulated, front-loading laboratory oven that heats samples to high temperatures, up to about 1600 °C, inside an enclosed chamber separated from the heating elements.
Muffler
A muffler, also called a silencer, is a device that reduces noise from engine exhausts and ventilation ducts while passing the gas flow, working by reflecting or absorbing sound waves.
Mugogo
Mugogo, a small extinct cinder cone in North Kivu, DR Congo, Virunga Volcanic Province; formed in the 45-hour 1957 eruption (VEI 1) with rare ankaratrite lava; summit 2,338 m, volcano number 223045.
Muhurta
Muhurta (मुहूर्त, muhūrta) is a traditional Indian unit of time equal to 48 minutes, one-thirtieth of a day and night, and, by extension, an auspicious moment for starting an action.
Mujaddid Ahmad Ijaz
Mujaddid Ahmad Ijaz (1937–1992) was a Pakistani experimental nuclear physicist, a Virginia Tech physics professor from 1964 to 1991 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory collaborator.
Mukaiyama aldol reaction
The Mukaiyama aldol reaction is a cross-aldol reaction in which a silyl enol ether adds to an aldehyde or ketone under Lewis acid promotion, first reported by Teruaki Mukaiyama in 1973.
Mukaiyama hydration
The Mukaiyama hydration is a radical reaction reported by Teruaki Mukaiyama in 1989 that uses a cobalt catalyst, a silane, and oxygen to convert alkenes into Markovnikov alcohols.
Mukund P. Sibi
Mukund P. Sibi, originally from Bangalore, India, is a University Distinguished Professor of chemistry at North Dakota State University known for pioneering catalytic enantioselective free-radical reactions and natural product synthesis.
Mukundan Thelakkat
Mukundan Thelakkat is a German-based polymer chemist who has been Professor of Applied Functional Polymers at the University of Bayreuth since 2006, working on organic electronic materials.
Mulliken population analysis
Mulliken population analysis is a quantum chemistry method that partitions a molecule's electrons among its atoms, bonds, and orbitals, introduced by Robert S. Mulliken in 1955.
Mullite
Mullite is a rare aluminosilicate mineral and ceramic phase named after Scotland's Isle of Mull, identified in 1924 and valued for high-temperature refractories in the metallurgy, glass, and ceramics industries.
Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer
The Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) is a panoramic integral-field spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope's Paranal Observatory in Chile, which saw first light in 2014.
Multi-angle light scattering
Multi-angle light scattering (MALS) is a static light scattering technique that determines the absolute molar mass and rms radius of macromolecules and nanoparticles in solution, often coupled with size-exclusion chromatography.
Multi-component reaction
A multicomponent reaction (MCR) is a chemical reaction in which three or more starting materials combine in one vessel to form a product incorporating most of their atoms.
Multi-factor model
A multi-factor model is a statistical model explaining asset returns as a linear function of several common factors, used in finance for pricing and risk analysis.
Multi-group analysis
Multi-group analysis (MGA) is a structural equation modeling technique that estimates a model separately for predefined subgroups and tests whether path coefficients, loadings, or means differ across groups.
Multi-messenger astronomy
Multi-messenger astronomy combines observations carried by electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays; landmarks include supernova SN 1987A, the 2017 neutron star merger GW170817, and the blazar TXS 0506+056.
Multi-messenger source modeling
Multi-messenger source modeling builds self-consistent models of astrophysical sources, using coupled kinetic equations for protons, electrons, and secondaries to predict gamma-ray, neutrino, and cosmic-ray outputs together.
Multi-mode optical fiber
Multi-mode optical fiber is an optical fiber with a large core, typically 50 or 62.5 µm, that carries many light paths at once and suits short, lower-cost data links.
Multi-object spectroscopy
Multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) is an observational technique in astronomy that records the spectra of many objects at once, using objective prisms, slit masks, or fiber-fed spectrographs, and underpinning large galaxy redshift surveys.
Multi-objective linear programming
Multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) is an optimization method that solves linear programs with several objective functions at once, replacing optimality with efficiency and finding nondominated points.
Multi-physics coupling
Multi-physics coupling is the joint simulation of interacting thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical processes in geologic media, applied to nuclear waste disposal, geothermal energy, and CO2 storage.
Multi-Purpose Detector
The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is one of two heavy-ion collision experiments at the NICA collider at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia.
Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor
Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) is an automated National Severe Storms Laboratory system that integrates radar, satellite, lightning, and model data into three-dimensional weather mosaics used for severe weather warnings.
Multi-residue method
A multi-residue method (MRM) is an analytical chemistry procedure that detects and quantifies many pesticide residues in a single analysis, typically using chromatography with mass spectrometry and QuEChERS extraction.
Multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz
The multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) is a tensor network of isometries and disentanglers, introduced by Guifre Vidal, that efficiently represents the logarithmic entanglement of quantum critical systems.
Multi-state model
A multi-state model is a statistical model in which individuals move among a finite number of states, used to analyze disease progression in survival analysis.
Multi-user quantum capacity
Multi-user quantum capacity describes reliable information transmission through a quantum channel shared by several senders or receivers, where capacity becomes a set of achievable rate tuples.
Multi-year ice
Multi-year ice (MYI) is sea ice that has survived at least one summer melt season, making it the oldest and thickest sea ice at 4 to 5 meters.
Multibeam bathymetry
Multibeam bathymetry is a sonar mapping method in which a hull-mounted echosounder sends a fan of acoustic beams, yielding hundreds of depth soundings per ping for charting underwater terrain.