42,772 articles
Multibeam echosounder
A multibeam echosounder is a sonar instrument that measures water depth and seafloor character by sending many acoustic beams in a fan-shaped swath, returning bathymetry and backscatter.
Multicatalysis
Multicatalysis is a synthetic strategy in which two or more distinct catalysts operate in a single reaction flask, concurrently or sequentially, to accomplish transformations a single catalyst cannot easily achieve.
Multichannel analysis of surface waves
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is a seismic method, introduced by Park, Miller, and Xia in 1999, that estimates near-surface shear-wave velocity from Rayleigh-wave dispersion and is widely used in geotechnical engineering.
Multichannel analyzer
A multichannel analyzer (MCA) is an instrument that sorts voltage pulses into a histogram of counts versus pulse height, widely used in nuclear and gamma-ray spectroscopy.
Multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes samples in an argon plasma and measures isotope ratios with multiple detectors, used in geosciences, nuclear safeguards, and environmental science.
Multicollinearity
Multicollinearity is a condition in regression analysis in which two or more predictor variables are highly intercorrelated, inflating the variances of estimated coefficients and making them numerically unstable.
Multicomponent reaction
A multicomponent reaction (MCR) is a chemical synthesis combining three or more starting materials in one step, valued for efficiency and used widely in medicinal chemistry.
Multiconfiguration self-consistent field
Multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) is a quantum chemistry method in which a wave function combines several electronic configurations, with orbitals and coefficients optimized simultaneously; its dominant variant is CASSCF.
Multidimensional gas chromatography
Multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) is an analytical technique that heart-cuts selected compounds from one gas chromatography column onto a second column of different selectivity, resolving co-eluting analytes.
Multidimensional liquid chromatography
Multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC) is a separation technique that couples two or more liquid chromatography dimensions, resolving complex mixtures like metabolites, pharmaceuticals, and proteins in two-dimensional space.
Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT)
Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) is a shotgun proteomics method combining two-dimensional liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, developed in John R. Yates III's laboratory and first published in 2001.
Multidimensional XUV spectroscopy
Multidimensional XUV spectroscopy is a class of ultrafast techniques extending multidimensional spectroscopy into the extreme ultraviolet, first demonstrated on argon by separating overlapping excited-state pathways with attosecond pulses.
Multidisciplinarity
Multidisciplinarity is a mode of research in which two or more disciplines address the same problem while each keeps its own methods and framework, without combining them.
Multifactor dimensionality reduction
Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) is a nonparametric, model-free data-mining method that detects gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in case-control genetic studies, introduced by Ritchie and colleagues in 2001.
Multiferroic nanocomposite
A multiferroic nanocomposite is a nanostructured material combining a ferroelectric phase such as BiFeO₃ with a magnetic spinel like CoFe₂O₄, achieving magnetoelectric coupling for sensors, memory, and energy harvesting.
Multiferroics
Multiferroics are materials that combine ferroelectricity and magnetism in one phase, whose magnetoelectric coupling enables low-power memory and logic controlled by electric fields rather than currents.
Multifold fermion
A multifold fermion is a crystal quasiparticle where three or more electronic bands cross at a degeneracy enforced by symmetry, seen in materials like CoSi.
Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis
Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) is a statistical method that measures multifractality in nonstationary time series, reported by Jan W. Kantelhardt and colleagues in 2002.
Multigrid method
The multigrid method is an iterative solver and preconditioner for linear systems, especially elliptic PDEs, that corrects fine-grid solutions on coarser grids to solve N unknowns in O(N) work.
Multigroup analysis (statistics)
Multigroup analysis (MGA) is a structural equation modeling method, introduced by Jöreskog in 1971, that fits one model to several groups and tests whether parameters such as loadings and means differ across them.
Multilayer mirror
A multilayer mirror is an optical element for X-ray and extreme ultraviolet light, made of tens to hundreds of alternating layers that reflect by Bragg constructive interference, used in EUV lithography.
Multilevel logistic regression
Multilevel logistic regression is a regression method for binary outcomes that adds normally distributed random effects at several levels, such as patients within hospitals, to model clustering.
Multilevel meta-analysis
Multilevel meta-analysis is a statistical method combining effect sizes from multiple studies while modeling their nested structure, such as several effect sizes from the same study, using hierarchical random-effects models.
Multilevel model
A multilevel model, also called hierarchical linear modeling, is a regression model for nested data, such as pupils within schools, estimating effects at each level.
Multilevel Monte Carlo
Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) is a variance reduction technique, introduced by Michael Giles in 2008, that estimates expectations by simulation through a telescoping sum of corrections across levels of increasing accuracy.
Multilevel regression
Multilevel regression, also called hierarchical linear modeling, is a statistical method for fitting regression models to nested or clustered data such as students within schools.
Multilevel regression and poststratification
Multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP, sometimes Mister P) is a statistical method introduced by Gelman and Little in 1997 that estimates state-level opinion from a single national poll.
Multilinear algebra
Multilinear algebra is the branch of algebra dealing with multilinear maps between vector spaces, whose central objects are tensors; it underlies tensor calculus, differential forms, and tensor decompositions used in data analysis.
Multimodal distribution
A multimodal distribution, or multimodal frequency distribution, is a probability distribution whose density has more than one mode, often signaling a mixture of subpopulations; the two-peak case is bimodal.
Multimodal logic
Multimodal logic is a modal logic with several modal operators, each with its own accessibility relation, built from unimodal components by combination methods such as fusion and product.