42,772 articles
Multinomial distribution
The multinomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution giving the probability of counts across k mutually exclusive categories after n independent trials, each with fixed category probabilities.
Multinomial logistic regression
Multinomial logistic regression, also known as the multinomial logit or maximum entropy (MaxEnt) classifier, is a regression model for categorical outcomes with more than two unordered categories.
Multinomial model
The multinomial model is the standard probability model for counts of categorical outcomes: over n independent trials, each falls into one of k categories with fixed probabilities summing to one.
Multinomial probit
Multinomial probit is a discrete-choice regression model estimating probabilities of choosing among unordered categories, with multivariate normal errors that relax the IIA restriction of multinomial logit.
Multinomial theorem
The multinomial theorem, also called the multinomial formula, expands a power of a sum of any number of terms, generalizing the binomial theorem from two terms to k terms.
Multiparameter optimization
Multiparameter optimization (MPO) is a scoring method in chemistry and drug discovery that balances several molecular properties at once, best known through the CNS MPO desirability algorithm developed at Pfizer.
Multipartite entanglement
Multipartite entanglement is entanglement distributed across three or more parties, falling into inequivalent classes such as GHZ and W states, whose numbers grow explosively with the number of parties.
Multiphoton absorption
Multiphoton absorption is the simultaneous absorption of several photons to excite an atom or molecule; its rate scales with the Nth power of light intensity, requiring lasers.
Multiphoton ionization
Multiphoton ionization (MPI) is a photoionization process in which an atom or molecule absorbs several photons, often simultaneously, leaving the electron in a free state.
Multiphysics simulation
Multiphysics simulation is the numerical computation of problems in which multiple physical fields, such as fluid flow, heat transfer, and structural deformation, interact and are solved together as a coupled system.
Multiple baseline design
The multiple baseline design is a single-case experimental design in which an intervention is introduced sequentially across participants, behaviors, or settings, demonstrating causation without withdrawing treatment.
Multiple chiral doublets
Multiple chiral doublets (MχD) are sets of two or more pairs of nearly degenerate rotational bands in a single atomic nucleus, each pair a left- and right-handed chiral rotation.
Multiple choice
Multiple choice is a test format in which a question is followed by a fixed list of possible answers, usually two to five, from which one is selected.
Multiple comparisons problem
The multiple comparisons problem, also called the multiple testing problem, is the risk that testing many hypotheses at once inflates the chance of a false positive.
Multiple correspondence analysis
Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), also known as homogeneity analysis or dual scaling, is a multivariate method for mapping categorical variables, standard for questionnaire and survey data.
Multiple factor analysis
Multiple factor analysis (MFA) is a multivariate statistical method analyzing several groups of variables measured on the same individuals, weighting each group so no single group dominates the analysis.
Multiple imputation
Multiple imputation is a statistical technique for handling missing data in which each missing value is replaced several times with plausible values, producing datasets analyzed and combined into one set of estimates.
Multiple imputation by chained equations
Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) is a statistical method for missing data that imputes each variable from a conditional model, producing several completed datasets.
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, or MICS, is a UNICEF-supported household survey program gathering internationally comparable data on children's and women's health, education, and protection.
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is a global household survey program developed by UNICEF and conducted by national statistical offices, with 418 surveys in 123 countries by 2025.
Multiple integral
A multiple integral generalizes the single-variable integral to functions of several variables over regions of n-dimensional space, including double integrals over plane regions and triple integrals over solids, yielding volumes, masses, and probabilities.
Multiple memory effects in amorphous solids
Multiple memory effects in amorphous solids occur when a disordered solid trained by repeated deformation stores readable signatures of several past driving conditions, such as strain amplitudes.
Multiple reaction monitoring
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), essentially synonymous with selected reaction monitoring (SRM), is a targeted mass spectrometry technique that quantifies predetermined analytes by monitoring precursor-to-fragment ion transitions, most commonly on a triple quadrupole.
Multiple scales method
The multiple scales method is a perturbation technique for differential equations that treats fast and slow timescales jointly, yielding uniformly valid approximations free of secular terms.
Multiple scattering in turbid media
Multiple scattering in turbid media is the repeated scattering of light in materials like paper, fog, and white paint, described by radiative transfer and diffusion.
Multiple testing correction
Multiple testing correction, also called a multiple testing procedure, adjusts p-values or thresholds when many hypotheses are tested simultaneously, controlling either the family-wise error rate or the false discovery rate.
Multiple time dimensions
Multiple time dimensions, also called multidimensional time, are hypothetical spacetimes with more than one time coordinate, studied in frameworks such as Bars's two-time physics and Vafa's F-theory.
Multiple-point statistics
Multiple-point statistics (MPS) is a family of geostatistical simulation methods that generates spatial realizations from a training image rather than a variogram, formalized in 1993.
Multiple-prism dispersion theory
Multiple-prism dispersion theory is the mathematical description of light dispersion in a sequence of prisms, introduced by Duarte and Piper in 1982 for tunable dye lasers.
Multiple-scale analysis
Multiple-scale analysis is a perturbation method that treats fast and slow variables as independent to cancel secular terms, giving approximate solutions valid where regular perturbation expansions break down.