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Physical world and mathematics

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NiCl2

NiCl2, nickel(II) chloride, is an inorganic compound of nickel and chlorine, known as the hexahydrate NiCl2·6H2O and studied as a two-dimensional material whose monolayers show ferromagnetic order tunable in van der Waals heterostructures.

Nico Sommerdijk

Nico Sommerdijk (Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk) is a Dutch chemist and professor of Bone Biochemistry at Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, known for biomineralization research.

NiCo2O4 spinel OER catalyst

NiCo2O4 spinel OER catalyst refers to nickel cobaltite, a nickel–cobalt spinel oxide used as a non-noble-metal electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction, the bottleneck step of water electrolysis.

Nicola Cabibbo

Nicola Cabibbo (1935–2010) was an Italian theoretical physicist who introduced the Cabibbo angle in a 1963 paper that became a foundation of quark flavor mixing.

Nicola Marzari

Nicola Marzari is a computational condensed-matter physicist, chair of materials simulation at EPFL and director of MARVEL, elected the tenth Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge in 2025.

Nicola Spaldin

Nicola Spaldin is a British-born materials theorist, Professor of Materials Theory at ETH Zurich since 2010, best known for developing multiferroics and honored with the Körber Prize, the L'Oréal-UNESCO award, and the Marcel Benoist Prize.

Nicolaas Bloembergen

Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920–2017) was a Dutch-born American physicist at Harvard, known for the three-level solid state maser and nonlinear optics, who shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for laser spectroscopy.

Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn

Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn (1918–2012) was a Dutch mathematician at Eindhoven known for de Bruijn sequences, the de Bruijn–Newman constant, de Bruijn indices, and the Automath proof-checking language.

Nicolaas Kuiper

Nicolaas Hendrik Kuiper (1920–1994) was a Dutch mathematician at the University of Amsterdam and director of the IHÉS, known for Kuiper's theorem and the Nash–Kuiper theorem in differential topology.

Nicolai Cramer

Nicolai Cramer is an organic chemist who leads the Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis at EPFL in Switzerland, where he has been a full professor since 2015.

Nicolas Bourbaki

Nicolas Bourbaki is the collective pseudonym of a semi-secret, self-renewing society of mathematicians, founded by young French mathematicians in 1935, whose monumental treatise Éléments de mathématique reshaped mathematics.

Nicolas Brunner

Nicolas Brunner is a Swiss theoretical physicist and professor at the University of Geneva, known for his research on Bell nonlocality and its extension to quantum networks.

Nicolas Dauphas

Nicolas Dauphas is an isotope geochemist and cosmochemist who holds the Chair of Cosmochemistry at the University of Hong Kong and was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2024.

Nicolas Fatio de Duillier

Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, also known as Nicolas Fatio, was a Swiss mathematician and natural philosopher, a friend of Isaac Newton who proposed a corpuscular theory of gravity in 1690.

Nicolas Gisin

Nicolas Gisin, born 1952 in Geneva, is a Swiss quantum physicist known for quantum cryptography and teleportation over optical fibers, and winner of the first Bell Prize.

Nicolas Giuseppone

Nicolas Giuseppone is a supramolecular chemist, Distinguished Professor at the University of Strasbourg, who integrates light- and fuel-driven artificial molecular motors into polymer gels, winning the CNRS Silver Medal in 2024.

Nicolas Gruber

Nicolas Gruber, born 1968, is a Swiss oceanographer and biogeochemist who heads the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zurich and studies ocean biogeochemistry and climate.

Nicolas J. Beukes

Nicolas J. Beukes, known as Nic Beukes, was a South African Precambrian sedimentologist at the University of Johannesburg, elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2022.

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot was a French military engineer and physicist who founded thermodynamics with his 1824 book Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire.

Nicolas Luco

Nicolas (Nico) Luco is an American research civil engineer at the U.S. Geological Survey in Golden, Colorado, specializing in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and leading the National Seismic Hazard Model.

Nicolas Vogel

Nicolas Vogel is a materials chemist who leads the Self-assembled Materials Group at FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, where he has been a full professor since 2023; his research covers colloidal lithography, emulsion droplet assembly, and plasmonic nanostructures.

Nicolas Winssinger

Nicolas Winssinger (born 1970, Belgium) is an organic chemist and professor at the University of Geneva since 2012, known for nucleic acid-templated synthesis, PNA arrays, and DNA-encoded libraries.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus, known in Polish as Mikołaj Kopernik, was a Polish astronomer and mathematician who proposed the heliocentric model, with the Earth orbiting the Sun.

Nicolay G. Basov

Nicolay G. Basov, born Nikolai Gennadievich Basov, was a Soviet physicist and director of the Lebedev Institute who shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics for the maser-laser principle.

Nicole Hernandez Hammer

Nicole Hernández Hammer is a Guatemalan-American sea-level researcher and climate-justice advocate known for her work on climate impacts on low-income communities, once a guest of Michelle Obama.

Nicolo Tartaglia

Nicolo Tartaglia, born Niccolo Fontana, was an Italian mathematician and engineer who solved a class of cubic equations and wrote the first printed treatise on ballistics.

Nicotinate

Nicotinate is the anion formed when nicotinic acid, best known as niacin or vitamin B3, loses its carboxyl proton, and is the compound's major form at physiological pH.

Nidhal Guessoum

Nidhal Guessoum is an Algerian astrophysicist and professor at the American University of Sharjah, known for gamma-ray astrophysics research and his 2010 book Islam's Quantum Question.

Niek van Hulst

Niek van Hulst is a Dutch physicist in nanophotonics, known for optical antenna imaging and single-molecule nano-optics, and an ICREA professor at ICFO in Barcelona since 2005.

Niels Bjerrum

Niels Bjerrum (1879–1958) was a Danish chemist, professor at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College in Copenhagen, known for the Bjerrum length, a standard scale in electrolyte science.