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Greater Sunda Islands
Greater Sunda Islands: Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi, the large western islands of the Malay Archipelago on the shallow Sunda Shelf, land-bridged during Pleistocene lowstands and bounded east by Wallace's Line.
Greenwich Island
Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica; site of Chile's Arturo Prat station (1947) in Chile Bay, retreating glaciers, and the Yankee Harbour gentoo penguin Key Biodiversity Area.
Grenadines
The Grenadines are 35 small islands between Grenada and St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles, split between two countries, known for the Grenadine Bank's extensive coral reefs, yachting, Carriacou, Bequia, and 2024's Hurricane Beryl.
Groote Eylandt
Groote Eylandt: island in Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory, 2,285 km2, fourth largest Australian island, homeland of the Anindilyakwa people and site of the GEMCO manganese mine, operating since 1965.
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal (Isatabu) is the largest island of Solomon Islands, home to capital Honiara and Mt. Popomanaseu (2,449 m); named in 1568 by the Mendaña expedition, site of the WWII Henderson Field campaign and the 1998–2003 tensions, now under heavy logging pressure.
Guadalupe Island
Guadalupe Island (Isla Guadalupe), a volcanic island 250 km off Baja California, Mexico, decreed a biosphere reserve in 2005; endemic-rich flora, Guadalupe fur seal and elephant seal colonies, white shark aggregation, closed to tourism since January 2023.
Guajira Peninsula
Guajira Peninsula: semi-arid peninsula at the northernmost tip of South America, shared by Colombia and Venezuela, homeland of the Wayuu people, with South America's best wind resource, Cerrejón coal, and gas fields.
Guimaras Island
Guimaras Island is an island province in Western Visayas, Philippines, between Panay and Negros in the Panay Gulf. Five municipalities, 604.57 sq km, province since 1992, famed for mangoes.
Gyda Peninsula
Gyda (Gydan) Peninsula, Гыданский полуостров, a permafrost tundra peninsula in northern West Siberia, Russia, between Ob Bay and Yenisey Bay, home to Nenets herders, the Gydansky protected area, and Arctic LNG 2 gas development.
Hagemeister Island
Hagemeister Island is a 24-mile-long, 67,000-acre uninhabited island in northern Bristol Bay, Alaska, about 19-25 miles southwest of Togiak, part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, named for Russian captain Leonti Hagemeister and noted for its walrus haulout.
Haida Gwaii
Haida Gwaii, formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands, is a 9,596 km2 archipelago of over 150 islands off northern British Columbia, homeland of the Haida Nation, renamed in 2010 and subject to full Aboriginal title recognition in 2024.
Hainan Island
Hainan Island (海南岛), China's second-largest island after Taiwan, lies in the northern South China Sea off Leizhou Peninsula across the Qiongzhou Strait; area about 33,900 km2, dome-shaped terrain rising to Wuzhi Mountain at 1,867 m, tropical monsoon climate, main landmass of Hainan Province.
Half Moon Island
Half Moon Island: crescent-shaped, 2 km long island in Moon Bay, east Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Chinstrap penguin colonies, Cámara Argentine summer station, major Antarctic tourist landing site.
Hall Islands
Hall Islands (Pafeng) are low-lying coral atolls in the Outer Islands of Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia; principal atolls Nomwin, Murilo, East Fayu, Ruo; 1,092 people (2010), Pááfang language, distinct from Arctic Hall Island namesakes.
Halmahera Island
Halmahera, largest island of Indonesia's Moluccas (Spice Islands) in North Maluku, a K-shaped volcanic island of about 18,000 km2 in Wallacea, home to Mount Dukono and exceptional endemism.
Hans Island
Hans Island (Tartupaluk, Hans Ø), a 1.2 km² barren Arctic island in Nares Strait's Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, was disputed by Canada and Denmark from 1973 until a 2022 treaty split it along a natural ridge, ending the Whisky War.
Harry Island
Harry Island (Isla Enrique, Île Harry) is a small icecapped island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, north of Spallanzani Point, Brabant Island, discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897-1899 and named for journalist Gérard Harry.
Hashima Island (端島)
Hashima (端島, Gunkanjima, Battleship Island) is an abandoned 6.3-hectare undersea coal mining island off Nagasaki, Japan, mined by Mitsubishi 1890-1974, peaking at 5,259 residents, a UNESCO World Heritage site contested over Korean forced labor.
Hatteras Island
Hatteras Island, a roughly 50-mile barrier island in North Carolina's Outer Banks within Cape Hatteras National Seashore, the first US national seashore. Served only by NC Highway 12, it is geologically young, storm-shaped, and eroding.
Hawaii (island)
Hawaii Island (the Big Island) is the largest Hawaiian island, 4,028 sq mi, formed by five volcanoes including active Mauna Loa and Kilauea above the Hawaiian hot spot.
Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian Islands: volcanic archipelago in the North Pacific, also called the Sandwich Islands, formed as the Pacific Plate moves over the Hawaiian hot spot; eight main islands, 6,100 km Hawaiian–Emperor chain, age-progressive volcanoes.
Hawar Islands
Hawar Islands: Bahraini archipelago of over 30 desert islands in the Gulf of Salwah, 26 km from Bahrain, awarded to Bahrain by the ICJ in 2001 after a Qatar dispute; Ramsar site, dugong habitat, and eco-tourism resort location.
Hawkesbury Island
Hawkesbury Island is an island on the eastern side of Douglas Channel, south of Kitimat, British Columbia, named by Captain Vancouver after Baron Hawkesbury (Charles Jenkinson); surrounded by Douglas Channel, Devastation Channel, and Verney Passage.
Hayling Island
Hayling Island: inhabited barrier island on the Hampshire coast between Langstone and Chichester Harbours, joined to the mainland only by the A3023 bridge; known for Eastoke beach management, the Hayling Billy railway, and as windsurfing's birthplace.
Headland
Headland: a high, steep-faced promontory of resistant rock jutting into the sea, also called a head or cape. Formed by differential erosion, it concentrates wave energy, spawns caves, arches, and stacks, and bounds embayed beaches and sediment cells.
Heard
Heard Island, the main island of the Australian external territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands, is a sub-Antarctic volcanic island dominated by the active 2,745 m Big Ben (Mawson Peak), about 70 percent glacier-covered, uninhabited, World Heritage-listed, and erupting intermittently since 1910.
Hearst Island (landform)
Hearst Island, also recorded historically as Hearst Land and Wilkins Island, is an ice-covered, dome-shaped Antarctic island off the east coast of Palmer Land, 36 mi long, rising to 365 m, sighted by Hubert Wilkins in 1928.
Hebrides
The Hebrides (Innse Gall), over 500 islands off western Scotland in two groups, Inner and Outer, separated by the Minch; gneissic Outer islands, Tertiary volcanic Inner islands, Norse-Gaelic heritage, ferry-dependent economy.
Helena Island
Helena Island: uninhabited island of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada, at 76.65 N, 101.07 W, elevation 117 m; distinct from St Helena (South Atlantic) and St. Helena Island, South Carolina.
Heligoland
Heligoland (Helgoland) is a German North Sea archipelago about 60 km offshore: a 1.0 km² red sandstone island plus the Düne. British 1807–1890, German since the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty, returned 1952.