Landforms and terrestrial features

Trinity Peninsula

Trinity Peninsula, also called Península Luis Felipe (Chile) or península Trinidad (Argentina), is the northeasternmost part of the Antarctic Peninsula, extending to Prime Head; sighted by Bransfield in 1820 and losing about 40 km² of ice, 1988–2015.

Trishuli Corridor

Trishuli corridor: north–south Nepal route along the Trishuli (Trishuli Khola) River from Rasuwagadhi on the Tibet border toward Mugling, a trade, road, and hydropower artery devastated by the 26 August 2026 ice-rock avalanche flood.

Tristan da Cunha

Tristan da Cunha, part of the British Overseas Territory of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, is the world's most remote inhabited island group, about 2,800 km from Cape Town, with 222 islanders, no airport, a 1961 volcanic evacuation, and a 700,000 km² marine protection zone.

Troglav

Troglav (Veliki Troglav), 1,913 m, is the highest peak of the Dinara massif on the Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina border, in Livno municipality, BiH; distinct from a lower Troglav mountain near Kraljevo, Serbia.

Tromelin Island

Tromelin Island (Île de Tromelin, formerly Île de Sable) is a 1 km² French-claimed coral island in the Indian Ocean, disputed with Mauritius, known for the 1761 Utile shipwreck whose abandoned Malagasy slaves survived 15 years.

Tromen Volcanic Plateau

Tromen Volcanic Plateau (Volcán Tromen), Neuquén, Argentina: a 70-km volcanic field in the Southern Andean Volcanic Arc whose 4,114 m stratovolcano last erupted in 1822 and shows a summit thermal anomaly since 2005.

Tronador

Tronador (Monte Tronador, Cerro Tronador): extinct Pleistocene stratovolcano, ~3,478 m, on the Argentina-Chile border in Nahuel Huapi National Park; glacier-covered, last activity ~300 ka plus the postglacial Fonck cone.

Trossachs

The Trossachs is a wooded, craggy glen-and-loch district of the Scottish Highlands between Loch Achray and Loch Katrine, famed through Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake and Rob Roy and now within Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.

Truchas Peak

Truchas Peak (South Truchas), 13,102-13,107 ft, is New Mexico's second-highest independent summit, in the Pecos Wilderness of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains about 20 miles northeast of Santa Fe; highest point of Mora and Rio Arriba counties.

Tryfan

Tryfan (Tryfan, 917.51 m) is a Glyderau mountain in Eryri, Snowdonia, Wales, above the Ogwen Valley. Every route to its summit is a scramble; the North Ridge is a Grade 1 classic, and it draws about 27% of Ogwen mountain rescue callouts.

Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park

Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park (Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha) is a protected area in northwestern Madagascar, best known for its "tsingy", a forest of sharp limestone pinnacles up to 100 meters tall.

Tsushima Island (対馬)

Tsushima (対馬) is a Japanese island in the Genkai Sea between Kyushu and Korea, closer to South Korea. Known for the Sō clan's monopoly on Edo-period Japan–Korea trade, the 1274 Mongol invasion, and the endangered Tsushima leopard cat.

Tuamotus

Tuamotus (Paumotu atolls of French Polynesia): a chain of 78 low coral atolls, 850 km2 of land over 800,000 km2 of ocean; largest atolls Rangiroa, Fakarava, Makemo, Hao; black pearl farming and Fakarava biosphere reserve distinguish it.

Tubuai Islands (landform)

Tubuai Islands (Austral Islands, Îles Australes, Tuhaa Pae): southernmost archipelago of French Polynesia, five inhabited volcanic islands including Tubuai (45 km², Mount Taitaa 422 m, large lagoon), Miocene volcanism, Atiahara site settled 1215–1390 CE, 1789 Bounty episode.

Tufa

Tufa is a porous calcium carbonate rock precipitated from ambient-temperature, carbonate-rich spring, stream, and lake waters, distinguished from thermal travertine; it records paleoclimate and is threatened by nutrient-driven eutrophication.

Tufa- and travertine-depositing spring

A tufa- or travertine-depositing spring is a spring whose calcium-bicarbonate-rich water deposits calcium carbonate as stone, building dams and cascades like those at Plitvice Lakes.

Tujle, Cerro

Cerro Tujle (Cerro Tucle, Cerro Tugle) is an isolated Quaternary maar volcano in the Central Volcanic Zone, northern Chile, 21 km SE of the Salar de Atacama, 3,554 m high, with a 333 × 279 m andesitic crater formed by effusive-then-phreatomagmatic eruptions.

Tukarak Island

Tukarak Island, an island in the Belcher Islands, Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Canada (56°16′N 78°45′W). Site of an HBC post from 1933, a 1941 trial, Inuit camps, and a soapstone quarry.

Tulu Nadu (ತುಳುನಾಡು)

Tulu Nadu (ತುಳುನಾಡು), also Tulunadu, is the Tulu-speaking coastal region of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, and northern Kasaragod; a historic land of guttumanes, bhoota kola, and the Tulu language.

Tumuc-Humac Mountains

The Tumuc-Humac Mountains (monts Tumuc-Humac, Serra do Tumucumaque) is an upland area on the French Guiana–Brazil border, actually low hills rather than a mountain range.

Tungnafellsjokull (volcano)

Tungnafellsjökull, a Pleistocene central stratovolcano in Iceland's central highlands NW of Vatnajökull, capped by a small ice cap; two calderas including Vonarskarð; no known Holocene eruptions.

Tungurahua (landform)

Tungurahua, an active 5,023 m andesitic stratovolcano in Ecuador's Eastern Cordillera near Baños, erupted 1999–2016 with Strombolian, Vulcanian, and pyroclastic activity, frequent rain-generated lahars, and now sits in repose.

Tupinier Islands

Tupinier Islands (Islotes Tupinier), a group of nine small ice-free Antarctic islands off Cockerell Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, charted by Dumont D'Urville 1837-40; major Chinstrap Penguin colony and Important Bird Area.

Tupungatito

Tupungatito is a 5,660 m active stratovolcano on the Chile-Argentina border, 90 km east of Santiago; northernmost historically active central Chilean Andes volcano, last erupting in 1987, now at green alert.

Turan Plain

Turan Depression (Turan Lowland), vast desert lowland in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan south and east of the Aral Sea, containing the Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum deserts on the Turan Platform.

Turpan Depression (吐鲁番盆地)

Turpan Depression (吐鲁番盆地, Turfan Depression), a fault-bounded trough in Xinjiang, China, southeast of Ürümqi; lowest point in China at Aiding Lake, 154 m below sea level, with an extremely arid climate and the ancient karez irrigation system.

Turrialba

Turrialba (volcano), Costa Rica's second-highest volcano at 3,340 m, an active stratovolcano 10 km NE of Irazú near Cartago; dormant after 1864-66, it erupted ash from 2010 to 2022 and remains at OVSICORI-UNA Warning level.

Tutupaca

Tutupaca, a 5,801 m dacitic dome complex and stratovolcano in Tacna, southern Peru; last erupted 1802 CE, produced the Andes' youngest debris avalanche, and hosts a high-enthalpy geothermal field.

Tuwayq Mountains

Tuwayq Mountains (Jabal Tuwayq, جبال طويق), a Jurassic limestone cuesta escarpment in central Saudi Arabia west of Riyadh, about 800 km long, with west-facing cliffs, the Edge of the World landmark, and Qiddiya icon status.