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Canadian Atlantic Islands
Canadian Atlantic Islands is FEOW freshwater ecoregion 115, a Nearctic temperate coastal rivers unit covering Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Anticosti, the Magdalen Islands, and St. Pierre and Miquelon, with depauperate, saltwater-tolerant fish fauna and no known endemic species.
Canadian Prairies
Canadian Prairies: grassland plains of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba between the Rockies and the Canadian Shield; continental climate, 1,800 km span, major grain-farming region with heavy native grassland loss and recurring drought.
Canadian Rockies
Canadian Rockies: sedimentary, thrust-faulted eastern segment of the Canadian Cordillera, over 1,500 km from the Yukon–BC border into Montana; shaped by Laramide thrusting and 55–60 million years of erosion, with rapidly retreating glaciers.
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) are a Spanish volcanic Atlantic archipelago 97 km off Morocco, with eight main islands, Teide (3,715.58 m, Spain's highest peak), 2.26 million people, and a tourism-dominated economy.
Canisteo Peninsula
Canisteo Peninsula, an ice-covered peninsula about 30 mi long in the eastern Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, between Ferrero and Cranton Bays; delineated in 1946, named for the USS Canisteo, and an ice-core drilling site since 2024.
Cantabrian Mountains
Cantabrian Mountains (Cordillera Cantábrica), mountain chain of northern Spain parallel to the Bay of Biscay, western prolongation of the Pyrenees; over 300 miles long, highest peak Peña de Cerredo 2678 m, formed by Alpine Iberian-Eurasian collision with a 46-48 km crustal root.
Canvey Island
Canvey Island: reclaimed 18.5 km² island below sea level on the north bank of the Thames Estuary, Essex, in Castle Point. Drained by Dutch engineers from 1622 (Croppenburg, Vermuyden), hit by the 1953 floods that killed 58, now home to over 40,000 behind 14 miles of sea walls.
Canyon
Canyon: a deep, narrow river-carved valley with steep or vertical walls; also called gorge or ravine elsewhere. Formed by downcutting under uplift, flood flows, and arid climates; exemplified by the Grand Canyon and submarine canyons.
Cape Adams
Cape Adams (Cabo Adams, Mys Adams) is a cape on the Palmer Land coast of Antarctica, at the south tip of Bowman Peninsula, named for RARE pilot Charles J. Adams.
Cape Adriasola
Cape Adriasola (Adriasola, Cabo; Cabo Adriosola) is an Antarctic cape at 67°38.0'S 69°09.0'W, 27.2 km from Cape Alexandra, listed in the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
Cape Agassiz
Cape Agassiz, a cape at the east end of Kenyon Peninsula on the Antarctic Peninsula's east coast (about 68°28'S 62°57'W); first named Cape Joerg, renamed for naturalist Louis Agassiz; marks the Graham Land–Palmer Land boundary.
Cape Agulhas
Cape Agulhas (Cabo das Agulhas, Cape of Needles) is Africa's southernmost point and the Atlantic-Indian Ocean boundary, about 150 km southeast of the Cape of Good Hope, site of the 1849 Agulhas Lighthouse.
Cape Alexander
Cape Alexander, Antarctic Peninsula cape at the south tip of Churchill Peninsula (66°44'S, 62°37'W), dividing Oscar II and Foyn Coasts; named 1951 for First Lord of the Admiralty A. V. Alexander.
Cape Anna
Cape Anna (Cabo Ana, Cap Anna Osterrieth) is a cape at 64°35'S 62°26'W, the north point of the Arctowski Peninsula, Danco Coast, Antarctica, charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition in 1898 and named for Anna Osterrieth of Antwerp.
Cape Astrup
Cape Astrup, also Cap Eivind Astrup, is a bluff at the northeast point of Wiencke Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, charted by the Belgica expedition 1898 and named by Gerlache in 1899 for Norwegian explorer Eivind Astrup.
Cape Bellue
Cape Bellue (Cabo Bellue) is an Antarctic cape forming the north side of the entrance to Darbel Bay on the west coast of Graham Land, at 66°18′S 65°53′W; discovered by Charcot's 1908–10 French expedition and named for Admiral Bellue of Cherbourg.
Cape Berteaux
Cape Berteaux (Cabo Berteaux) is a dark rock cape on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, at the north side of the Wordie Ice Shelf in southeastern Marguerite Bay; discovered by Charcot's 1908-1910 French expedition and identified as a cape by Rymill's BGLE 1934-37.
Cape Betbeder
Cape Betbeder (Cabo Betbeder) is the cape at the southwest end of Andersson Island in Antarctic Sound, off the NE tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, at 63°37'S 56°41'W. Charted by Nordenskjold's 1901-04 Swedish expedition and named for Argentine Admiral Onofre Betbeder; distinct from the Betbeder Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago.
Cape Boggs
Cape Boggs, also gazetteered as Boggs, Cape, is an ice-covered headland at 70°33'S 61°23'W on the east extremity of Eielson Peninsula, Palmer Land, Antarctica; discovered by USAS East Base in 1940 and named for State Department geographer S.W. Boggs.
Cape Bojador
Cape Bojador, called Abu khatar, "father of danger," by the Arabs, is a headland in Western Sahara first doubled by Gil Eanes for Portugal in 1434.
Cape Bowles
Cape Bowles is the southernmost cape of Clarence Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, at 61°19'S 54°06'W, named for Captain W. Bowles, RN, landed on by Bransfield in 1820, and an Important Bird Area holding 33,000 chinstrap penguin pairs.
Cape Breton Island
Cape Breton Island (Unama'ki), northeastern Nova Scotia island of about 10,280 km2 joined to the mainland by the 1955 Canso causeway; home of Bras d'Or Lake UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Mi'kmaq and Scottish Gaelic heritage, and Cape Breton Highlands National Park.
Cape Brooks
Cape Brooks (Brooks, Cape) is a 465 m cape on the east coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica, at 73°36′S 60°46′W, forming the south side of the entrance to New Bedford Inlet; discovered in 1940 and named for meteorologist Charles E. P. Brooks.
Cape Brown
Cape Brown (Cabo Nicolás) is a cape in Antarctica at 69°16′S, 69°44′W, near Schokalsky Bay, Mount Nicholas, and Mount Hahn; GeoNames ID 6630436.
Cape Burd
Cape Burd (Burd, Cabo) is a low rock cliff at the southwest extremity of Tabarin Peninsula, Antarctic Peninsula, at 63°39'S 57°09'W. Charted by FIDS in 1946 and named for Oliver Burd, a FIDS meteorologist killed in the 1948 Hope Bay hut fire.
Cape Byrd
Cape Byrd, also written Byrd, Cape (Spanish: Byrd, cabo), is a low ice-covered headland on Charcot Island, Palmer Land, Antarctica, at about 69°52'S 75°55'W, named by Hubert Wilkins in honor of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd.
Cape Cà Mau
Cape Cà Mau (Mũi Cà Mau, Đất Mũi) is Vietnam's southernmost mainland point, where the South China Sea meets the Gulf of Thailand; a young Mekong Delta mangrove cape with GPS marker 0001, a national park, and ongoing coastal erosion.
Cape Canaveral
Cape Canaveral, Florida, a cuspate foreland on the Atlantic coast hosting Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station; renamed Cape Kennedy 1963-1973; beach-ridge plain recording 150,000 years of sea-level highstands.
Cape Casey
Cape Casey (66°22'S, 63°35'W) is a conspicuous Antarctic cape with a peak about 2,500 ft high on the east coast of Palmer Peninsula, projecting into Cabinet Inlet south of Bevin Glacier; charted by FIDS in 1947 and named for Australian minister Richard G. Casey.
Cape Chavanne
Cape Chavanne (Chavanne, Cape; Cabo Chavanne) is a partly ice-free bluff on the NW side of Mill Inlet, Foyn Coast, Graham Land, Antarctica, at 66°59'S 64°43'W, named in 1951 for Austrian polar bibliographer Josef Chavanne.