Landforms and terrestrial features

Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands, an Ecuadorian volcanic archipelago about 1,000 km offshore, also called the Enchanted Islands, host extreme endemism, a 133,000 km² marine reserve, and the wildlife that inspired Darwin's theory of evolution.

Galdhøpiggen

Galdhøpiggen, 2,469 m, is Norway's and Northern Europe's highest mountain, in Jotunheimen, Lom municipality. First ascent 1850; main routes from Juvasshytta (guided glacier crossing) or Spiterstulen (glacier-free).

Galiano Island

Galiano Island is a Southern Gulf Island in the Strait of Georgia, BC, named 1859 for Spanish commander Dionisio Alcalá Galiano, formerly Kilmorey Island; forested, in the imperiled Coastal Douglas-fir zone, reached by ferry from Tsawwassen.

Gallipoli

Gallipoli names a Turkish peninsula and town (Gelibolu) on the European shore of the Dardanelles, the ancient Thracian Chersonese and 1915 battlefield, and a separate tourist town on the Ionian coast of Salento, Apulia, Italy.

Galveston Island

Galveston Island, also called Isla de Culebras historically, is a 27-mile sand-barrier island on the upper Texas Gulf coast two miles offshore, home to the city of Galveston, the Port of Galveston, and the site of the deadliest U.S. natural disaster, the 1900 hurricane.

Gambier Islands

Gambier Islands (Îles Gambier), French Polynesian archipelago southeast of the Tuamotus; chief town Rikitea on volcanic Mangareva; 30 km², about 1,400–1,600 people; annexed by France 1881; Mururoa and Fangataufa hosted French nuclear tests 1966–1996; black pearl farming.

Gand Island

Gand Island (Île Gand, Ghent Island) is a flat, ice-covered Antarctic island, about 6 km by 3 km, at the north end of Schollaert Channel between Anvers and Brabant Islands, discovered and named by de Gerlache's 1897-99 Belgian expedition after Ghent.

Ganesh Ratha

Ganesha Ratha (கணேச ரதம்), or Ganesh Ratha, is a 7th-century Pallava monolithic granite chariot-temple at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu; originally a Shiva shrine named Atyantakama-Pallavesvara-griham, it is the only Mamallapuram ratha in worship, now housing Ganesha.

Ganges Delta

Ganges Delta, also Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna or Bengal Delta: world's largest (92,000 km2) and most populous (about 105 million) delta, formed by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers entering the Bay of Bengal across Bangladesh and West Bengal.

Gangkhar Puensum

Gangkhar Puensum (Gangkar Punsum, གངས་དཀར་སྤུན་གསུམ) is Bhutan's highest mountain at 7,570 m and the world's highest unclimbed peak, protected by Bhutan's 1994 and 2003 mountaineering bans and a disputed China border.

Gangotri Glacier

Gangotri Glacier, a large debris-covered Garhwal Himalaya glacier and Ganga basin source, feeds the Bhagirathi at Gaumukh; mass balance about −0.9 m w.e. per year with slowing retreat but accelerating thinning.

Gannett Peak (mountain, United States)

Gannett Peak, Wyoming's state highpoint at 13,804 ft (LiDAR 13,811 ft), is a glaciated Wind River Range summit on the Continental Divide requiring a 20-plus-mile wilderness approach and glacier travel.

Gara Muleta

Gara Muleta (Gaara Muldhataa, Gara Mullata) is a flat-summit mountain in East Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia, about 3,405 m high, source of Ramis, Mojo, and Gobele rivers and site of Gara Muleta Forest.

Gardiners Island

Gardiners Island, also called Manchonake, is a 3,300-acre private island in Gardiners Bay off eastern Long Island, bought from the Montauketts by Lion Gardiner in 1639, held by his family since, and closed to the public.

Garet el Djenoun

Garet el Djenoun (Oudane), the 'Mountain of Spirits', a granite peak ending the Tefedest massif in Algeria's Hoggar, about 250 km north of Tamanrasset; first climbed 15 April 1935 by Coche and Frison-Roche.

Garita Creek Formation

Garita Creek Formation: Upper Triassic (Carnian) mudstone unit of the Chinle Group in east-central New Mexico, up to 76 m thick, between the Santa Rosa and Trujillo Formations; yields Adamanian vertebrates including Metoposaurus and lungfish tooth plates.

Garrigue

Garrigue (garriga) is open, low Mediterranean scrubland on calcareous soils, under 1 m tall, dominated by kermes oak and aromatic shrubs, distinguished from denser maquis on siliceous soils.

Gåseøen

Gåseøen ("Goose Island") names several places: a flat bird-rich island in Vega Sund, East Greenland, named Gåsøya by NSIU in 1929, and a stone-ridge islet in Gurre Sø near Elsinore, Denmark.

Gaspé Peninsula

The Gaspé Peninsula (French: Gaspésie) is a peninsula in eastern Quebec, Canada, bounded by the St. Lawrence estuary and Chaleur Bay, where Jacques Cartier claimed land for France in 1534.

Gaston Islands

Gaston Islands: two islands and rocks 2 km NW of Reclus Peninsula tip, Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula, at 64°29'S 61°50'W. Charted 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, named for Gaston de Gerlache; group name adopted by the UK in 1960.

Gaurishankar (गौरीशंकर)

Gaurishankar (गौरीशंकर), also Jomo Tseringma, is a 7,135 m twin-summit peak in Nepal's Rolwaling Himal on the Tibet border, first climbed May 8, 1979 via the west face by John Roskelley and Dorje Sherpa; its South Summit fell in November 1979 to a British team.

Gavdos (Γαύδος)

Gavdos (Γαύδος), Greek island south of Crete and the southernmost point of Greece and Europe; 142 residents (2021), Natura 2000 site with Gavdopoula, oil-fired power, and a noted Miocene Metochia geological section.

Gaztelugatxe

Gaztelugatxe (San Juan de Gaztelugatxe), a rocky islet on the Bizkaia coast between Bermeo and Bakio with a 10th-century hermitage reached by 241 steps; a protected Natural Monument of 157.95 ha and Game of Thrones' Dragonstone, capped at 1,462 visitors daily.

Ge'nyen

Ge'nyen (格聂神山, Mount Genie), 6,204 m, is the highest peak of the Shaluli Shan in western Sichuan's Hengduan Mountains, a sacred Tibetan Buddhist peak first climbed in 1988 by a Japanese party, with the Lenggu Monastery at its base.

Gedrosia

Gedrosia (Kedrosia), the Greek name for southern Baluchistan's arid coastal region, matching Achaemenid Maka and later Makran; Alexander's sixty-day desert crossing of 325 BCE with Nearchus's coastal survey made it famous.

Geladaindong Peak

Geladaindong Peak (各拉丹冬, Geladandong), 6,621 m, is the highest summit of the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai, China, and the glacier source of the Yangtze River's Tuotuo headwater; first climbed 1985, now closed in Sanjiangyuan National Park.

Gemini Nunatak

Gemini Nunatak, also Nunatak Gemini (Chile) and Nunatak Dzheminay (Soviet chart), is a twin-peaked Antarctic nunatak, 465 and 490 m, on Philippi Rise, east Graham Land, named by FIDS after the constellation Gemini.

Geographic circque

Geographic cirque (glacial cirque; corrie, cwm): an armchair-shaped, glacier-eroded mountain hollow with a steep arcuate headwall and gently sloping floor, 200 m to 4 km across, used as a palaeoclimate indicator.

Geography of the Maldives

Geography of the Maldives: a double chain of 26 coral atolls, about 1,190-1,555 islands southwest of Sri Lanka, over 99% sea, highest land about 2.4 m, lowest country on Earth.