163 articles
Ad-Damazin
Ad-Damazin (Arabic: الدمازين), also spelled Ed Damazin, is a city in southeastern Sudan and the capital of Blue Nile State, on the left bank of the Blue Nile near the Ethiopian border.
Adama
Adama (formerly Nazret, ናዝሬት) is a fast-growing Ethiopian city in Oromia, about 99 km southeast of Addis Ababa on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti corridor; founded 1916, renamed 2000, population about 555,000 in 2026.
Addis Ababa (አዲስ አበባ)
Addis Ababa (አዲስ አበባ), also known as Finfinne, is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia, founded in 1886 by Emperor Menelik II and home to the African Union headquarters.
Adwa (ዓድዋ)
Adwa (ዓድዋ, Aduwa) is a market town and woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia, on the Aksum–Adigrat highway, site of the 1896 Battle of Adwa where Menelik II defeated Italy, and a 2026 conflict flashpoint.
Al-Ubayyid
Al-Ubayyid (El Obeid, Arabic الأبيض) is the capital of North Kordofan state, Sudan, a gum arabic trading crossroads nicknamed 'the bride of the sands', besieged by the RSF from 2023 to 2025.
Antananarivo
Antananarivo (Tananarive, Tana), capital and largest city of Madagascar in the central highlands at 1,276 m; 1.39 million city residents, 4.4 million metro; former Merina royal capital, taken by France in 1895; accounts for 44% of national GDP and faces severe flood exposure.
Arusha
Arusha is a city in northeastern Tanzania on the slopes of Mount Meru, the country's third-largest city, a safari and tanzanite trade hub, township 1948, municipality 1980, city 2012.
Asmara (ኣስመራ)
Asmara (ኣስመራ), capital of Eritrea at over 2,000 m altitude, grew from an 1890s Italian military outpost into a rationalist planned city, inscribed by UNESCO in 2017 as Africa's only explicitly modernist World Heritage site.
Awasa
Awasa, also spelled Hawassa (ሀዋሳ), is a city in southern Ethiopia and capital of the Sidama Region since 2020, on the eastern shore of Lake Hawassa.
Axum
Axum (Aksum), ancient capital in Ethiopia's Tigray region, center of the Kingdom of Aksum (1st-8th centuries AD), famed for 3rd-4th century stelae, Ezana's Christian conversion, and a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1980.
Bahir Dar
Bahir Dar (ባህር ዳር), capital of Ethiopia's Amhara region on Lake Tana at the Blue Nile source; 14th-century origins, 1994 capital designation, population near 500,000 by 2020.
Barawa
Barawa, also spelled Baraawe and historically known to outsiders as Brava (Somali: Baraawe), is a port city on Somalia's southern coast and a major medieval Swahili trading city-state.
Bariadi
Bariadi, town and regional capital of Simiyu Region, Tanzania; seat of Bariadi District Council. 260,927 residents in the 2022 census; cotton farming dominates the local economy; elevation about 1,282 m.
Beira, Mozambique
Beira is the port capital of Sofala Province, central Mozambique, the country's second most populous city. Founded in 1887, it serves Zimbabwe's trade via the Beira railway and is highly exposed to Cyclone Idai-style coastal flooding.
Benoni
Benoni is a city on the East Rand of Gauteng, South Africa, part of Greater Johannesburg, named in 1881 from a Hebrew word meaning "son of my sorrow".
Berbera
Berbera Port is a seaport in the city of Berbera on the Gulf of Aden in Somaliland, its principal trade gateway, managed by Dubai-based DP World since 2017.
Blantyre
Blantyre is Malawi's second-largest city and its commercial and industrial capital, in the Shire Highlands. Founded by Scottish missionaries in 1876 and named after David Livingstone's birthplace.
Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein, the City of Roses, is the Free State capital and South Africa's judicial capital. Founded in 1846 on J.N. Brits' farm, it was capital of the Orange Free State from 1854 to 1900.
Boksburg
Boksburg, East Rand city in Gauteng, South Africa, within Ekurhuleni; proclaimed 1887 on Vogelfontein farm, named for ZAR State Secretary W.E. Bok; gold, coal, ERPM, Boksburg Lake, Chris Hani assassination site.
Borama
Borama (Boorama), capital of the Awdal region in northwestern Somaliland, a high-altitude semi-arid city of roughly 150,000–360,000 people, home of Amoud University, host of the 1993 Borama peace conference, and dependent entirely on depleting groundwater.
Bosaso (بوصاصو)
Bosaso (بوصاصو, also Bossaso) is a Gulf of Aden port city in northeastern Somalia, Puntland's commercial capital, with a DP World-run port (2017 concession), rapid displacement-driven growth, and about 1,067,000 residents in 2026 estimates.
Botshabelo
Botshabelo ("place of refuge") names two South African settlements: an 1865 Berlin Mission station near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, founded by Merensky and Grützner, and a 1979 apartheid resettlement township 55 km east of Bloemfontein, Free State.
Brakpan
Brakpan is a mining-founded town in the City of Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa, between Benoni and Springs. Coal mining began 1888, gold 1905; named after a brackish pan on farm Weltevreden; municipality 1912, merged into Ekurhuleni 2000.
Brits, South Africa
Brits is a town in the North West province of South Africa, about 50 km west of Pretoria, serving the platinum mining industry and irrigated farming near the Hartbeespoort Dam.
Bujumbura
Bujumbura, formerly Usumbura, is the largest city of Burundi and its economic capital, at the northern tip of Lake Tanganyika. It was the political capital until 2019, when Gitega took over.
Bulawayo
Bulawayo is Zimbabwe's second largest city, with 665,940 people at the 2022 census, built on the site of King Lobengula's royal kraal and long a mining and industrial center.
Cape Town
Cape Town, South Africa's legislative capital and oldest city (Mother City), population 4,772,846 (2022); known for Table Mountain, the 2015-2017 Day Zero water crisis, and extreme spatial inequality.
Carletonville
Carletonville is a gold mining town on the West Rand of Gauteng, South Africa, proclaimed in 1948 and named for Guy Carleton Jones; center of the deep-level Carletonville Goldfield near Mponeng and TauTona mines.
Chimoio
Chimoio, formerly Vila Pery, is the capital of Manica Province in central Mozambique, on the Beira corridor railway and N6 to Zimbabwe; district population projected at 518,856 in 2024, an agricultural and trade center.
Chipata
Chipata, formerly Fort Jameson, is a city in eastern Zambia and the administrative capital of Eastern Province, near the border with Malawi. It was declared a city in 2017.