163 articles
Chitungwiza
Chitungwiza, also called Chi-town, is Zimbabwe's third-largest urban settlement (356,000 in 2012), a dormitory municipality about 25 km south of Harare, founded under colonial segregation policy in 1978 and dependent on Harare for water and jobs.
Cuíto (city)
Cuíto (Kuíto, formerly Silva Porto) is the capital of Bié Province, central Angola, on the Bié Plateau. A caravan and Benguela Railway trading town, it suffered devastating UNITA sieges in 1993 and 1998 and is undergoing major reconstruction.
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's largest city, main seaport, and economic hub, former capital until 1975, with over 7 million people, a BRT system since 2016, and a port handling 90 percent of national trade.
Dessie
Dessie (Amharic: ደሴ) is a rapidly growing city in the Amhara Region of north-central Ethiopia and the capital of the South Wollo Administrative Zone, on a main north-south transport route.
Dire Dawa (city)
Dire Dawa (ድሬዳዋ), Ethiopia's second most populous city and one of two chartered cities, founded 1902 on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti railway; a trade-corridor hub with dry port, industrial park, and Kezira and Megala districts.
Djibouti City
Djibouti City (Djibouti-Ville, Jabuuti), capital of Djibouti: 767,250 residents (2024), founded by France 1888, capital 1896; handles over 90% of Ethiopia's maritime trade; faces flooding and extreme heat; Balbala district holds over 40% of population.
Dodoma
Dodoma, central Tanzania's planned capital city, designated by Nyerere in 1973, master-planned by PPAL with urban villages, fully relocated under Magufuli 2015-2020, legally declared capital by the 2018 Act.
Durban
Durban (eThekwini), South Africa's third-largest city in KwaZulu-Natal, founded 1824 as Port Natal, renamed 1835 after Sir Benjamin D'Urban; busiest South African port, major Indian community, apartheid segregation legacy, 2022 floods.
El Daein
El Daein (الضعين, Ed Daein, Ad-Du'ayn) is a city in western Sudan, capital of East Darfur state since 2012, a rail and groundnut-livestock trade hub, RSF-held since November 2023.
Emalahleni
Emalahleni (formerly Witbank) is a coal-mining city in Mpumalanga, South Africa; the name means 'place of coal' in Nguni languages. Founded 1903, renamed 2006, home to major coal mines and power stations. Distinct from the rural Eastern Cape municipality of the same name.
Entebbe
Entebbe, Uganda: lakeside city on Lake Victoria, 40 km southwest of Kampala; colonial capital 1894–1958, home of Uganda's only international airport, elevated to city status in 2020.
Fianarantsoa
Fianarantsoa, also called Fianar, is a highland city in south-central Madagascar, capital of Haute Matsiatra and cultural capital of the Betsileo. Founded in 1830 by Queen Ranavalona I as a southern twin of Antananarivo, it hosts the University of Fianarantsoa and the FCE railway to Manakara.
Gaborone
Gaborone is the capital of Botswana, built after 1966 independence as a planned garden city. It grew from 7,000 people to over 230,000 by 2011, facing water scarcity and rapid sprawl.
Galkayo
Galkayo (Gaalkacyo), capital of Somalia's Mudug region, is a divided trade city: North Galkayo under Puntland, South under Galmudug, split since the 1993 Mudug Peace Agreement, with a major livestock market.
Geita (city)
Geita, a gold-mining city in northwestern Tanzania and capital of Geita Region (created 2012), grew from 14,000 people in 1988 to over 360,000 by the 2022 census, driven by the Geita Gold Mine.
George, Western Cape
George, Western Cape: Garden Route city founded 1811, named for King George III; seat of George Local Municipality (294,929 people, 2022), second largest Western Cape municipality after Cape Town; hub of N2, George Airport, tourism, and forestry.
Germiston
Germiston, Gauteng city in Ekurhuleni, South Africa; grew from the Simmer and Jack gold mine on farm Elandsfontein, named by John Jack after Glasgow; railway junction, Rand Refinery, Victoria Lake, about 356,806 residents (2022).
Gitega
Gitega, Burundi's political capital since February 2019 and second city, former royal seat of the mwami, German-founded 1912; highland Kirimiro plateau town with Senate, presidential palace, National Museum, and Gishora sacred drums.
Gondar
Gondar (ጎንደር, Gonder), a city in North Gondar Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, made permanent capital by Emperor Fasilides in 1636; home to Fasil Ghebbi, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979.
Gqeberha
Gqeberha, formerly Port Elizabeth, is a port city on Algoa Bay in South Africa's Eastern Cape, renamed in February 2021 after the isiXhosa name of the Baakens River; largest Eastern Cape city, part of Nelson Mandela Bay municipality.
Griquatown
Griquatown, in Afrikaans Griekwastad, is a small sheep-farming town in the Northern Cape, South Africa, once the seat of the Griqua state known as Waterboer's Land.
Grootfontein
Grootfontein (Afrikaans, "big fountain") is a town in Otjozondjupa Region, north-central Namibia, on the B8 road in the maize triangle with Otavi and Tsumeb; founded 1885 by Dorslandtrekkers, fort built 1896, museum since 1983.
Gulu, Northern Region
Gulu is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda and the largest urban center of the Acholi sub-region, upgraded from a municipality to city status in 2020.
Gweru
Gweru (formerly Gwelo) is Zimbabwe's third largest city and Midlands provincial capital, a railway junction with the Dabuka marshalling yard, founded 1894, reached by rail 1902, renamed 1982.
Harar (ሀረር)
Harar (ሀረር), also called Jugol, is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia, regarded as Islam's fourth holiest city, with 82 mosques and 102 shrines, a 16th-century wall, and UNESCO World Heritage status since 2006.
Harare
Harare, formerly Salisbury, is the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe, founded in 1890 as Fort Salisbury and renamed on 18 April 1982 after a Shona chief; it holds about one-third of national GDP.
Hargeisa
Hargeisa (Hargeysa), capital and largest city of the unrecognised Republic of Somaliland in northwestern Somalia, on the Ogo highlands at 1,334 m; population estimates 1.2–1.8 million; destroyed by 1988 bombing, rebuilt as Somaliland's economic hub.
Ifakara
Ifakara: town and district headquarters in Kilombero District, Morogoro Region, south-central Tanzania, on the Kilombero floodplain and TAZARA Railway; home of the Ifakara Health Institute malaria research centre; 290,424 council population (2022).
Iringa
Iringa is a highland town in southern Tanzania, capital of Iringa Region, founded in 1896 as the German fort "New Iringa" against Chief Mkwawa; 2022 municipal population 202,490, elevation about 1,625 m.
Jamba, Angola
Jamba is a town in Cuando Cubango Province, southeastern Angola, that served from the late 1970s to the early 1990s as UNITA's headquarters and provisional capital under Jonas Savimbi.