Cities and towns

Rüsselsheim

Rüsselsheim am Main, a Hessian town between Frankfurt and Mainz, site of the 1399 Katzenelnbogen fortress, the 1435 first Riesling record, and Adam Opel's 1862 factory that made it a carmaking center.

Rustavi (რუსთავი)

Rustavi (რუსთავი) is a city in Kvemo Kartli, Georgia, 27 km from Tbilisi; a medieval town destroyed in 1265 and refounded in 1948 around the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant, with about 130,100 residents.

Rustenburg

Rustenburg, a city in South Africa's North West province at the foot of the Magaliesberg, founded 1851, hub of the platinum belt; its local municipality NW373 in Bojanala District had 549,575 residents in 2011.

Ryazan

Ryazan (Рязань), city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia, on the Trubezh near the Oka, about 196 km southeast of Moscow; about 519,315 residents (2026), formerly Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, renamed 1778.

Rybinsk

Rybinsk (Рыбинск), formerly Shcherbakov and Andropov, is a city in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, on the Volga at the Rybinsk Reservoir; first mentioned in 1071, a city since 1777, population about 169,600, an engine-building and shipbuilding center.

Rybnik

Rybnik is a city with powiat rights in Poland's Silesian Voivodeship, 126,248 inhabitants, 148.36 km², 27 districts. Former coal-mining hub once called Poland's smog capital, now a clean-air and energy-transition example.

Rye, East Sussex

Rye, East Sussex: historic former Cinque Port town on a sandstone outcrop at the Rother, Brede, and Tillingham confluence, once a major medieval port, now landlocked, heritage-focused, and flood-risk managed.

Rye, New York

Rye is a city in Westchester County, New York, on Long Island Sound about 25 miles north of New York City. Founded 1660, chartered as a city in 1942, the state's most recent; home to Playland, the first planned US amusement park.

Rzeszów

Rzeszów, capital of Podkarpackie Voivodeship in southeastern Poland, about 200,000 residents; since 2022 its Jasionka airport, 90 km from Ukraine, is the main Western air hub for military aid and politicians bound for Kyiv.

Saalfeld

Saalfeld/Saale is a Thuringian town of about 28,500 in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, first mentioned in 899, seat of the Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld dukes, and known for the Feengrotten show mine.

Saanich

Saanich (W̱SÁNEĆ-derived name) is a district municipality on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in the Capital Regional District; incorporated 1906, population 117,735 (2021), largest municipality in Greater Victoria.

Saarbrücken

Saarbrücken (French Sarrebruck) is the capital of the German state of Saarland, the only German large city on the French border. About 187,000 residents, founded as a city in 1909 by merger; documented castle sarabruca in 999.

Şabyā

Şabyā (صبيا), also Sabya, is a city and governorate seat in Jazan Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia, on the plain between the Sarawat Mountains and the Red Sea; former capital of the Suleimani Mikhlaf, largest population center of the province with 223,083 governorate residents (2022 census).

Sacaba

Sacaba (Villa de San Pedro de Sacaba), municipality and city in Chapare province, Cochabamba department, Bolivia; founded 29 June 1761; 219,092 inhabitants (2024 census), second most populous in the department, capital of Chapare, mayor Riony Villarroel 2026–2031.

Sacoué

Sacoué, a small commune (71 inhabitants) in the Barousse valley, Hautes-Pyrénées, France, at the foot of Mont Sacon, site of a Gallo-Roman mountain sanctuary and a former glassmaking village.

Sacramento, California

Sacramento, the capital of California since 1854, sits where the Sacramento and American rivers meet; founded in 1849, it is California's oldest incorporated city with nearly 500,000 residents.

Saddiqabad

Sadiqabad (Saddiqabad, Urdu صادق آباد), city and tehsil headquarters in Rahim Yar Khan District, southern Punjab, Pakistan, named after Sadiq Mohammad Khan V of Bahawalpur; 2023 tehsil population 1,381,759 on the N-5 near the Sindh border.

Safed

Safed (Tzfat, צפת), a hilltop city in Israel's Upper Galilee at 750–900 m elevation, one of Judaism's four holy cities and a 16th-century Kabbalah center; population about 39,000, captured by the Haganah in May 1948.

Saffré

Saffré is a commune in Loire-Atlantique, France, with Neolithic and Gallo-Roman remains, a historic lime industry, the protected Bois-Gouët upper Lutetian fossil site, and the WWII maquis de Saffré memorial.

Safi

Safi (آسفي, also Asfi) is a port city on Morocco's Atlantic coast in the Marrakech-Safi region, a pottery capital with a major phosphate processing plant and sardine fishing fleet.

Sagamihara

Sagamihara (相模原市, Sagamihara-shi) is a government-designated city in northwest Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, with about 719,000 residents in three wards, developed as an army town from the late 1930s.

Sagar, Madhya Pradesh

Sagar (Saugar), city and district in north central Madhya Pradesh, India; founded about 1660 by Udan Shah, ceded to the British in 1818; 2011 district population 2,378,458, home of Dr. Harisingh Gour University.

Saginaw, Michigan

Saginaw, Michigan: county seat of Saginaw County in the Great Lakes Bay Region; council-manager city of about 44,000 (2020), former lumber and salt boomtown, now a health care and medical education center.

Saguenay

Saguenay, Quebec: city created 18 February 2002 by merging Chicoutimi, Jonquière, La Baie, Laterrière, Lac-Kénogami, Shipshaw and part of Canton Tremblay; three boroughs, 151,972 residents (2025), aluminum and hydroelectric economy.

Saharanpur (सहारनपुर)

Saharanpur (सहारनपुर), city and district in western Uttar Pradesh's Doab near the Shivaliks; famed for GI-tagged sheesham wood carving (GI 184, 2014), Darul Uloom Deoband (1867), and a Northern Railway junction 181 km from Delhi.

Saharsa

Saharsa (सहरसा), a district in Bihar's Kosi Division, India, established 1 April 1954; headquarters of the division; Mithila region, Kosi river floods, 1,900,661 people (2011), agrarian and brick-making economy.

Saidpur, Rangpur Division

Saidpur (Bengali: সৈয়দপুর), also spelled Syedpur, is a city in Nilphamari District of Rangpur Division in northern Bangladesh, founded in the 1870s around a British-era railway workshop.

Sail-sur-Couzan

Sail-sur-Couzan (officially Sail-sous-Couzan), Loire, France: Forez commune under the ruined fortress of Couzan, with the Magdalenian Grotte des Fées, a Cluniac priory, and a 19th-century thermal and textile-industrial past.

Saint John, New Brunswick

Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada's first incorporated city (1785), a Bay of Fundy port city of about 70,000-79,000 people, founded by Loyalists in 1783 and rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1877.