Rivers, streams, and drainage features

1838 Pest flood

The 1838 Pest flood was a Danube ice flood that devastated Pest, Buda, and Óbuda in March 1838, killing 153 people and destroying over half of Pest's houses.

1879 Szeged flood

The 1879 Szeged flood was a catastrophic inundation when the Tisza River broke through the levees in March 1879, destroying most of Szeged and prompting a planned rebuilding under Lajos Lechner.

1931 China floods (1931年长江水灾, 江淮水灾): summer 1931 Yangtze and Huai valley inundations, the deadliest recorded natural disaster, flooding ~170,000–180,000 km², affecting 25 million, killing over 2 million including famine and disease deaths.

2002 European floods

The 2002 European floods were catastrophic river floods in August 2002 along the Danube, Elbe, and Vltava, killing dozens and causing about €18.5 billion in damage.

2007–08 Zambezi floods

The 2007–08 Zambezi floods were two rainy-season floods in central Mozambique that killed at least 35 people, affected about 485,000, and caused $171 million in damage.

2010 Central European floods

The 2010 Central European floods were river floods in Poland and neighboring countries in May, June, and August 2010, producing the Vistula's highest crest in 160 years.

2011 Thailand floods

The 2011 Thailand floods, the country's worst in over half a century, inundated 66 provinces from July to December 2011 and caused about USD 46.5 billion in losses.

2012 Nigeria floods

The 2012 Nigeria floods were a nationwide disaster from July to October 2012 that killed 363 people, displaced millions, and caused about $16 billion in damage.

Abzu

Abzu (Akkadian apsû) is the Mesopotamian underground freshwater ocean, domain of Enki/Ea, source of all springs, and in Enūma Eliš the primal sweet-water deity killed by Ea, distinct from Tiamat's salt sea.

Acheron (Αχέροντας)

Acheron (Αχέροντας), the mythological river of pain, is a 64 km river in Epirus, Greece, flowing from the Souli Mountains to the Ionian Sea at Ammoudia; a Natura 2000 site tied to Homer's underworld and the necromanteion.

Adycha

Adycha (Адыча), 715 km river in northern Yakutia, Russia; largest right tributary of the Yana, rising in the Chersky Range, snow- and rain-fed, navigable 223 km, with gold placers and changing flow since the 1990s.

Aegean Drainages

Aegean Drainages (FEOW ecoregion 424) is a temperate coastal-river freshwater ecoregion of southeastern Greece and Aegean islands, defined by Abell et al. 2008, with main rivers Spercheios, Asopos, and Boeotic Kifissos and disputed boundaries.

Oct 20, 2026

Ajajú

Ajajú (Ajaju River, Rio Ajaju) is a river in Guaviare Department, Colombia, a tributary of the Apaporis within the Amazon basin; its source marks the Meta-Guaviare-Caquetá tripoint.

Alaknanda River

Alaknanda River, Himalayan headstream of the Ganga in Uttarakhand, India, rising at the Satopanth and Bhagirathi Kharak glaciers; flows ~190–213 km through Chamoli, Rudraprayag and Pauri Garhwal, joins the Bhagirathi at Devprayag, and passes the Panch Prayag confluences.

Alazeya

Alazeya (Алазея), reka Alazeya, a 1,590 km Arctic river in northeastern Yakutia, Russia, draining the Kolyma Lowland between the Indigirka and Kolyma basins into the East Siberian Sea, with about 24,000 lakes and continuous permafrost.

Albany

Albany (Albany River), northern Ontario river, ~980 km from Lake St. Joseph to James Bay; largest Ontario watershed (137,230 km2), HBC Fort Albany fur-trade post, Albany River Provincial Park, Kashechewan ice-jam flooding.

Albertine Highlands

The Albertine Highlands is a freshwater ecoregion, FEOW number 541, located entirely within eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and covering the watersheds of high-lying rivers that flow toward the Lualaba River in the Congo Basin.

Aldan

Aldan (Алдан), major river in Yakutia, Russia; largest right tributary of the Lena, 2,273 km long, basin 729,000 km², mean discharge 5,110 m³/s, navigable 1,753 km, gold-bearing basin.

Allegheny River

The Allegheny River (La Belle Riviere) is a 315-mile tributary forming the Ohio River at Pittsburgh with the Monongahela, draining 11,747 square miles in New York and Pennsylvania, with eight locks and dams and a 1992 Wild and Scenic designation.

Alluvium

Alluvium, or alluvial deposit, is unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel deposited by streams and rivers on beds, flood plains, deltas, and mountain bases, and it forms water-bearing alluvial aquifers.

Amazon (river, Brazil)

Amazon River (Rio Amazonas), South America's largest river: 209,000 m³/s mean discharge, ~7.05 million km² basin, ~20% of global freshwater runoff; source disputed (Apurímac/Mismi vs Mantaro); severe 2023–2024 droughts set record lows.

Amazon basin

The Amazon basin is Earth's largest drainage basin, over 7 million km² across nine South American countries, discharging about 209,000 m³/s (roughly 20% of global river flow) and formed by late Miocene river capture.

Amazon Delta

Amazon Delta: coastal region at the Amazon River mouth, Brazil; the world's largest delta by geomorphic area (84,429 km²) yet lacking a protruding delta form, with up to 1,200 Mt/y sediment discharge, macrotidal conditions over 6 m, and a subaqueous shelf clinoform.

Amazon River

The Amazon River, Rio Amazonas, is Earth's largest river by discharge, draining a roughly 7 million km2 basin across nine South American countries; its source is disputed, and drought, dams, and deforestation now stress it.

Amazonas Estuary & Coastal Drainages

Amazonas Estuary & Coastal Drainages, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 323 in Brazil, covers the Amazon estuary and coastal rivers from Itapicuru to Caciporé; 180,000 m3/s discharge, 23 endemic fishes, and the Araguari channel capture.

Amazonas Guiana Shield

Amazonas Guiana Shield (FEOW ecoregion 315): freshwater ecoregion on the southern Guiana Shield in Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname; clearwater rivers Jari, Paru, Trombetas, upper Rio Branco; about 430 fish species, nearly 40 endemic; threatened by gold mining and mercury.