70 articles
Acheron (Αχέροντας)
Acheron (Αχέροντας), the mythological river of pain, is a 64 km river in Epirus, Greece, flowing from the Souli Mountains to the Ionian Sea at Ammoudia; a Natura 2000 site tied to Homer's underworld and the necromanteion.
Amstel
The Amstel is a Dutch river flowing into Amsterdam, partly created by a medieval canal dug between two rivers during peat reclamation. The dam in it gave Amsterdam (Amestelledamme) its name; first recorded 1275.
Bosna (river)
The Bosna, also known as River Bosna and historically Bathinus, is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the namesake of the country, draining its largest river basin and flowing north into the Sava.
Dalälven
Dalälven, Swedish river system formed by Västerdalälven and Österdalälven; 520 km, Sweden's second longest, draining 29,030 km² to the Bothnian Sea, with about 8% of national hydropower and a timber-floating past.
Danube
The Danube is Europe's second longest river, 2,857 km from Germany's Black Forest to the Black Sea, draining an 800,000 km² basin shared by 19 countries, with major navigation, Iron Gate hydropower, the Danube Delta, and the Roman limes frontier.
Daugava
Daugava (Western Dvina, Западная Двина), largest Latvian river: 1,020 km from Russia's Tver region through Belarus to the Baltic Sea; transboundary basin, three HPPs, Staburags flooding, 1987 protest legacy.
Desna
Desna (Десна), longest left tributary of the Dnipro, rising in Russia's Smolensk Highland and joining the Dnipro 6 km above Kyiv; 1,130 km long, 88,900 km² basin, mean discharge 360 m³/s, main tributaries Seim, Sudost, Snov, Oster.
Dnieper (Дніпро)
Dnieper (Дніпро, Dnipro), third-largest river in Europe after the Volga and Danube, rises in Russia's Valdai Hills and flows 2,285 km through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea; dammed into six Soviet reservoirs, its Kakhovka dam was destroyed in 2023.
Dniester
Dniester (Дністер), Tyras of antiquity, a 1,362 km river rising in the Ukrainian Carpathians, flowing through Moldova to the Black Sea; Moldova's main drinking-water source, dammed by the Dniester HPP, governed by the 2012 Dniester Treaty.
Donets
Donets (Siverskyi Donets, Seversky Donets): 1,053 km river rising in the Central Russian Upland, largest tributary of the Don, flowing through Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Luhansk oblasts; main water source of eastern Ukraine and namesake of the Donbas.
Douro
Douro (Spanish Duero): Iberian river rising in Spain, forming a 112 km border with Portugal, flowing to the Atlantic at Porto. Third-longest Iberian river, largest basin; 710 m3/s mean flow, heavily dammed, Port wine valley.
Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish río Ebro, Latin Iberus) is one of the five great rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, rising in the Cantabrian Mountains and the only one flowing to the Mediterranean.
Elbe
The Elbe (Czech: Labe) is a 1,094-km Central European river rising in the Giant Mountains and draining to the North Sea; its 148,268 km² basin serves Hamburg's port, with documented pollution recovery after 1990 and severe 2025–2026 low water.
Guadiana
Guadiana, Iberian river rising in Spain and forming the Spain-Portugal border to the Atlantic; heavily dammed (39 reservoirs, Alqueva, Europe's largest artificial lake) with a depleted upper aquifer and a shared transboundary estuary.
Gulf of Venice Drainages
Gulf of Venice Drainages (FEOW ecoregion 415): freshwater ecoregion of northern Italy's Adriatic-draining rivers, dominated by the Po basin, with glacial lakes Garda, Maggiore, Como, and Iseo and about a third endemic fish species.
Khopyor
Khopyor (Хопёр) is a 979 km Russian river, the Don's largest left tributary, flowing through Penza, Saratov, Voronezh, and Volgograd oblasts; snow-fed, unregulated, with the Khopyorsky Nature Reserve on its floodplain.
Klarälven
Klarälven (Trysilelva in Norway) is a 460 km river flowing from the Norwegian fells through Värmland, Sweden, into Lake Vänern at Karlstad. Sweden's last log-driving river until 1991, now regulated by 11 hydropower dams and used for timber raft tourism.
Kymi
Kymi (Kymijoki, Kymmene älv) is Finland's southernmost salmon river, draining lake Päijänne into the Eastern Gulf of Finland at Kotka; 37,107 km² catchment, 283 m³/s mean discharge, famous for salmon fishing and the tsar's Langinkoski lodge.
Leitha
Leitha (Hungarian Lajta, historically Sar): Austrian-Hungarian river, right Danube tributary formed by Schwarza-Pitten confluence at Lanzenkirchen, about 180 km long, historic Austria-Hungary border giving Cisleithania and Transleithania their names.
Loire
The Loire (la Loire) is France's longest river, over 1,000 km, draining one fifth of the country; a free-flowing "last wild river" whose valley holds UNESCO-listed châteaux country.
Main (river)
The Main, or River Main, is a river in Germany and the longest right tributary of the Rhine, formed by the Red Main and White Main and flowing through Franconia.
Maritsa (Марица)
Maritsa (Марица; Evros, Meriç; ancient Hebros), 537 km Balkan river rising in the Rila Mountains, flowing through Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey to the Aegean, a flood-prone transboundary border river.
Marne (river)
The Marne is a 525 km river in northern France rising on the Langres plateau and the Seine's main tributary, which it joins at Charenton-le-Pont upstream of Paris.
Meuse
The Meuse (Maas) is a ~950 km rain-fed European river rising on the Langres plateau, flowing through France, Belgium and the Netherlands to the Rhine delta; canalized, internationally managed, hit by record 2021 floods.
Mezen
Mezen (Мезень), river in the Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia; 966 km, basin 78,000 km², flows from the Timan Ridge into Mezen Bay of the White Sea; city of Mezen at its mouth.
Moselle
Moselle (Mosel): major Rhine tributary rising at Col de Bussang in the Vosges, flowing 520 km to Koblenz; 28,000 km² basin shared by France, Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium; canalized international waterway.
Mur
Mur (Mura), Central European river and Danube sub-tributary via the Drava; rises in Austria's Lungau at 1,898 m, flows past Graz, forms borders with Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, joins the Drava at Légrád.
Neretva
The Neretva is a roughly 225 km transboundary river of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia flowing to the Adriatic, where its delta is a Ramsar wetland since 1992 with high endemism, regulated by hydropower dams.
Neva (Нева)
Neva (Нева): short (74-78 km) river draining Lake Ladoga into the Gulf of Finland at Saint Petersburg; discharge about 2,500 m3/s, catchment 281,000 km2, delta city, 286 floods, and the 25.4 km flood barrier in operation since 2011.
Northern Dvina
Northern Dvina (Северная Двина), large northwestern Russian river formed by the Sukhona and Yug confluence, flowing 744 km to the White Sea; fifth-largest European basin, major timber route.