2,436 articles
Arabian Basin
Arabian Basin: an undersea basin of the Arabian Sea near 12°N, 65°E in the GEBCO gazetteer, and the asymmetric Upper Precambrian-Phanerozoic sedimentary basin on the Arabian Plate, about 8 km deep.
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea is the northwestern Indian Ocean between India, Arabia, and Iran-Pakistan, linked to the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, driven by reversing monsoon winds, and hosting the world's thickest oxygen minimum zone.
Arafura - Carpentaria
Arafura - Carpentaria, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 805, northern Australia's tropical coastal rivers draining to the Timor Sea, Arafura Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, and Coral Sea; 1,077,000 km², over 20 endemic fish species, 98% free flow.
Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea is a shallow tropical sea lying between northern Australia and southeastern New Guinea, bounded by the Timor Sea, Torres Strait, and Gulf of Carpentaria.
Arafura Swamp
The Arafura Swamp, known to its Yolngu Traditional Owners as Gurruwiling, is a large freshwater wetland in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, holding Australia's largest paperbark swamp and over 300,000 waterbirds.
Araguaia
The Araguaia River is a large river in central Brazil and the main tributary of the Tocantins River, notable for being one of the last large free-flowing tropical rivers.
Aral Sea (Арал теңізі)
Aral Sea (Арал теңізі), brackish terminal lake between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, once the world's fourth-largest lake; shrank over 90% in volume after Soviet irrigation diverted the Amu Darya and Syr Darya from the 1960s; North Aral partially restored by the 2005 Kokaral Dam.
Aral Sea Drainages
Aral Sea Drainages, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 629, covers the former Aral Sea basin remnants in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, fed by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, now desiccated and salinized.
Aras
Aras (Araxes) River: 1,072-km transboundary river rising near Erzurum, Turkey, flowing past Mount Ararat and forming the Iran-Azerbaijan-Armenia border before joining the Kura and reaching the Caspian Sea.
Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is a group of roughly 36,500 islands off northern Canada containing Baffin Island and the Northwest Passage.
Arctic Basin
The Arctic Basin is the deep central Arctic Ocean, comprising the Eurasian and Amerasian Basins (Nansen, Amundsen, Canada, Makarov sub-basins) separated by the Lomonosov Ridge, 3,800-4,500 m deep, with Atlantic and Pacific water inflows and rapid climate change.
Arctic bays and inlets
Arctic bays and inlets are the coastal indentations of the Arctic Ocean, including shallow estuarine gulfs like the Ob Gulf, Yenisey Gulf, and Kolyma Gulf.
Arctic convoys of World War II
The Arctic convoys of World War II, also called the Murmansk Run, carried Lend-Lease supplies from Britain and Iceland to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk between 1941 and 1945.
Arctic dipole anomaly
The Arctic dipole anomaly, also called the Arctic Dipole, is a pattern of sea-level pressure variability in the Arctic that drives sea ice toward the Atlantic.
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is the pole-centered, land-enclosed ocean, about 4,000 m deep and divided by the Lomonosov Ridge, covered by thin sea ice that is rapidly thinning and shrinking, with gateways at Fram Strait, Barents Sea Opening, and Bering Strait.
Arctic Ocean circulation
Arctic Ocean circulation is the system of currents and water-mass transformations moving heat and freshwater between the North Atlantic and the ice-covered Arctic basin, driven by winds, river freshwater, and warm Atlantic inflow.
Arctic sea ice
Arctic sea ice is the frozen seawater covering most of the Arctic Ocean, ranging from seasonal sheets to ridged multi-year floes that can circulate for seven to ten years.
Argentine Basin
Argentine Basin: deep abyssal basin of the western South Atlantic off Argentina and Uruguay, south of the Rio Grande Rise. Formed ~138 Ma during Gondwana breakup; over 4000 m deep; hosts the Zapiola Drift and exports Antarctic Bottom Water via the Vema Channel.
Argentine Sea
The Argentine Sea is the shallow marginal sea over Argentina's continental shelf in the southwestern Atlantic, stretching about 2,400 km from the Río de la Plata toward Cape Horn.
Argentino
Lago Argentino (Lake Argentino), largest freshwater lake entirely in Argentina, in Santa Cruz, Patagonia; about 1,435 km², fed by Southern Patagonian Icefield glaciers including Perito Moreno and Upsala, drains via the Río Santa Cruz.
Argun
The Argun (Chinese: Ergun) is a 1,620-kilometre river in northeast Asia that forms part of the China–Russia border and, with the Shilka River, heads the Amur.
Aripuanã
Aripuanã: a clear-water tributary of the Madeira River in the Brazilian Amazon, site of the 261 MW Dardanelos hydropower plant, and name of municipalities in Mato Grosso and Amazonas.
Arkansas River
The Arkansas River is a major tributary of the Mississippi River, rising in the Rocky Mountains near Leadville, Colorado, and flowing about 1,460 miles through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas.
Arroyo
Arroyo: a dry, usually ephemeral streambed or gulch of the arid American Southwest and northern Mexico, also called a dry wash or wadi, that fills after rain; steep alluvial banks, late-1800s incision episode, and cyclical cutting and filling.
Arrugado
Arrugado (ARRU) is a GeoNames undersea feature code for an area of subdued corrugations off Baja California; also the Spanish adjective for wrinkled. Only 2 toponyms use the code.
Ascension Island
Ascension Island, in the UK Overseas Territory of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, is a volcanic South Atlantic island discovered in 1501, garrisoned by Britain in 1815 as HMS Ascension, with no permanent population and a 2019 EEZ-wide marine protected area.
Ashtamudi Wetland
Ashtamudi Wetland (Ashtamudi Lake), a 61.4 km² brackish Ramsar estuary (site 1204, designated 2002) in Kollam, Kerala, India; second-largest Kerala wetland, home of India's first MSC-certified clam fishery, facing pollution, salinity rise, and shrinking area.
Åsnen
Åsnen is a large lake in southern Småland, Sweden, whose archipelago of more than a thousand islands lies within Åsnen National Park, established in 2018.
Assiniboine
The Assiniboine River is a large prairie river rising in eastern Saskatchewan and flowing through Brandon and Portage la Prairie to join the Red River at Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Athabasca (lake)
Lake Athabasca, largest lake in Saskatchewan (7,935 km2, 213 m), straddling the Saskatchewan-Alberta border; fed by Peace, Athabasca, and Fond du Lac rivers, drains via Slave River to Great Slave Lake; Cree name, fur-trade hub, gold and uranium mining.