2,436 articles
North Fiji Basin
North Fiji Basin (NFB): active back-arc basin in the Southwest Pacific behind the New Hebrides subduction zone; multiple spreading ridges, 50–80 mm/yr spreading, hot upper mantle, hydrothermal vents, Archaean analogue.
North Indian Ocean
The North Indian Ocean is the northern portion of the Indian Ocean, comprising the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, whose currents reverse seasonally with the monsoon winds.
North Pacific Gyre
The North Pacific Gyre (North Pacific Subtropical Gyre) is a clockwise system of rotating currents bounded by the Kuroshio, California, and North Equatorial Currents; its convergent center traps floating plastic, forming the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
North Pacific Index
The North Pacific Index, or NP index, is a climate index measuring the strength of the winter Aleutian low, defined by Trenberth and Hurrell in 1994.
North Platte
North Platte River, tributary of the Platte River rising in northern Colorado, looping 350 miles through southeast Wyoming to Nebraska; snowmelt-fed, dammed by seven Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs, irrigating over 440,000 acres.
North Saskatchewan
North Saskatchewan River (Cree: kisiskâciwani-sîpiy, Blackfoot: Omaka-ty), a 1,287 km Canadian river rising in the Saskatchewan Glacier and joining the South Saskatchewan near Prince Albert; dammed by Brazeau and Bighorn dams and a 2024 heritage river.
North Sea
The North Sea is a marginal sea between the British Isles and continental Europe, formerly the land bridge Doggerland, now central to European offshore wind: 300 GW targeted by 2050 under the North Seas Energy Cooperation.
North Sentinel Island
North Sentinel Island: forested, ~60 sq km island in the Bay of Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, home to the uncontacted Sentinelese; a tribal reserve with a 5 km exclusion zone under the 1956 PAT Regulation.
North Water Polynya
The North Water Polynya (Pikialasorsuaq, Sarvarjuaq) is the largest, most productive polynya in the Northern Hemisphere, an ~80,000 km² open-water area in northern Baffin Bay maintained by a Kane Basin ice arch, upwelling, and ice advection.
Northeast US & Southeast Canada Atlantic Drainages
Northeast US & Southeast Canada Atlantic Drainages, FEOW ecoregion 118, temperate coastal rivers from Delaware to the Gaspé Peninsula, draining to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Bay of Fundy, with diadromous, saltwater-tolerant fish fauna.
Northeastern Caatinga & Coastal Drainages
Northeastern Caatinga & Coastal Drainages is a freshwater ecoregion covering coastal river basins of northeastern Brazil, from Alagoas to Ceará, north of the São Francisco.
Northern Anatolia
Northern Anatolia is a freshwater ecoregion of temperate coastal rivers in Turkey, stretching from the Sakarya basin east to the Kizil and Kelkit basins, draining into the Black Sea.
Northern Annam
Northern Annam (FEOW ecoregion 760) is a freshwater ecoregion of coastal rivers draining the eastern Annamite Range in Vietnam from the Deo Hai Van Pass to the Gianh River, with endemic Schistura loaches.
Northern Baltic Drainages
Northern Baltic Drainages, FEOW ecoregion 406, a Palearctic polar-freshwaters unit covering Fennoscandian rivers and lakes draining to the Baltic Sea and eastern North Sea, with Vänern, Saimaa, and the endemic storsik whitefish.
Northern Dvina
Northern Dvina (Северная Двина), large northwestern Russian river formed by the Sukhona and Yug confluence, flowing 744 km to the White Sea; fifth-largest European basin, major timber route.
Northern Eastern Rift
Northern Eastern Rift (FEOW ecoregion 528, Afrotropic): freshwater ecoregion of the northern Ethiopian Rift Valley's endorheic lakes (Zwai, Abijata, Langano, Shala, Awassa), crater lakes, and the Awash River terminating in Lake Abhe, spanning Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia.
Northern Gulf of Guinea Drainages - Bioko
A freshwater ecoregion, FEOW ID 518, covering rivers from Nigeria's Cross River to Cameroon's Wouri estuary plus Bioko Island, with endemic killifishes and endangered status.
Northern Hormuz Drainages
Northern Hormuz Drainages (FEOW ecoregion 451), Iranian coastal rivers draining the southern Zagros to the Strait of Hormuz; main rivers Rasul, Mehran, Kul, Minab; home to endemic Iranocichla cichlids and hot-spring Aphanius ginaonis.
Northern Upper Guinea
Northern Upper Guinea (FEOW ecoregion 511) is a West African freshwater ecoregion of short Atlantic coastal rivers in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, rated Continentally Outstanding for its highly endemic fish, crab, and mollusk fauna.
Northumberland Strait
The Northumberland Strait is an arm of the Gulf of St. Lawrence separating Prince Edward Island from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with Canada's warmest ocean waters.
Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage is a sea route through Canada's Arctic archipelago linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, long sought by European explorers and first sailed by Roald Amundsen in 1903–1906.
Northwestern Borneo
Northwestern Borneo (FEOW ecoregion 742) is a freshwater ecoregion covering Sarawak and Brunei's coastal rivers draining to the South China Sea, with 26 endemic fish species and two endemic genera, Paedocypris and Parawaous.
Norton Sound
Norton Sound: shallow Bering Sea inlet on Alaska's west coast south of the Seward Peninsula, named by Captain Cook in 1778 for Sir Fletcher Norton; receives the Yukon River, home to Nome and subsistence salmon fisheries.
Norwegian Sea
The Norwegian Sea (Norskehavet) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean northwest of Norway, connecting the North Atlantic with the Arctic Ocean via the Nordic Seas.
Norwegian Sea Drainages
Norwegian Sea Drainages is a freshwater ecoregion (FEOW 405) covering river basins along western Scandinavia, from Langesund fjord to the Lyngen fjord east of Tromsø.
Nueces River
The Nueces River is a 315-mile South Texas river rising on the Edwards Plateau and draining about 16,800 square miles to Nueces Bay; named Río de las Nueces in 1689, it supplies Corpus Christi via Choke Canyon and Lake Corpus Christi.
Nueltin
Nueltin Lake, a 2,279 km2 glacial lake straddling the Manitoba-Nunavut border at 60.5N 99.5W, drained by the Thlewiaza River to Hudson Bay and protected by Nueltin Lake Provincial Park in Manitoba.
Nyssa sylvatica
Nyssa sylvatica (blackgum, black tupelo, sour gum) is a deciduous Nyssaceae tree native from southern Ontario and the eastern United States to Mexico, 5–30 m tall, dioecious, IUCN Least Concern, with red fall foliage, wildlife fruit, tupelo honey, and tough wood.
O'Higgins/San Martín
Lago O'Higgins/San Martín is a deep glacial lake in the Patagonian Andes, situated on the border of Chile and Argentina, and known for being the deepest in Chile.
Ob
Ob (Обь): west Siberian river and FEOW freshwater ecoregion 602 (Polar freshwaters) in Kazakhstan and Russia; Ob-Irtysh basin 2,975,000 km2, 417 km3/year discharge, ~15% of Arctic Ocean river input.