2,436 articles
Southern Upper Guinea
Southern Upper Guinea (FEOW ecoregion 512) is a West African freshwater ecoregion covering nearly all of Liberia, southern Guinea, and western Côte d'Ivoire, defined by the short Mano, Lofa, St. Paul, St. John, Cestos, and Cavally river basins with about one-fifth of 151 fish species endemic.
Southwest Indian Ridge
The Southwest Indian Ridge is the plate boundary in the southern Indian Ocean where the African and Antarctic plates move apart, stretching about 7,700 km between two triple junctions.
Southwest Pacific Basin
Southwest Pacific Basin (also Southwestern Pacific Basin): large deep-ocean basin of the South Pacific east of New Zealand, bounded by the Kermadec Trench and Albatross Cordillera; carries the Antarctic-fed deep western boundary current and hosts the sediment-starved South Pacific Bare Zone.
Southwestern Arabian Coast
Southwestern Arabian Coast (FEOW ecoregion 439), a freshwater ecoregion along the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coasts of Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, defined by highly endemic cyprinid fish fauna in xeric, spring-fed streams.
Spartina patens
Spartina patens, saltmeadow cordgrass or marshhay cordgrass (syn. Sporobolus pumilus), a rhizomatous high-marsh grass from Newfoundland to Texas, tolerant of 0-35 ppt salinity, used for salt hay and restoration, invasive on the Pacific coast.
Spice trade
The spice trade is the historic commerce in pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg that moved from India and the Spice Islands to Europe, later dominated by Portuguese and Dutch maritime empires.
Spirit Lake (Washington)
Spirit Lake (Washington) is a lake about 4 miles northeast of Mount St. Helens, dammed by the 1980 debris avalanche and since 1985 drained by the 8,500-ft Spirit Lake outlet tunnel.
Spokane River
The Spokane River is a 111-mile tributary of the Columbia River that runs from Lake Coeur d'Alene in Idaho through Spokane, Washington, to Lake Roosevelt.
Spratly Islands dispute
Spratly Islands dispute: overlapping sovereignty claims by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei over South China Sea reefs; 2016 arbitral ruling rejected China's nine-dash line; marked by island-building and coastguard incidents.
Spree Forest
Spree Forest (Spreewald, Lower Sorbian Błota) is a 475 km² inland delta of the River Spree southeast of Berlin, a UNESCO biosphere reserve since 1991 with over 250 km of navigable channels, Sorbian heritage, and the famed Spreewald gherkin.
Spring
Spring (hydrology): a land-surface point where groundwater discharges from an aquifer, also called a gravity, artesian, rheocrene, limnocrene, or helocrene spring; classified by hydraulic head, flow permanence, temperature, and geomorphology.
Spuyten Duyvil Creek
Spuyten Duyvil Creek was a tidal waterway in New York City connecting the Hudson and Harlem rivers around northern Manhattan, replaced by the Harlem River Ship Canal.
Square Bay
Square Bay (bahía Cuadrada) is a bay on the Fallières Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula at 67°50′S 67°00′W, entered past Horseshoe Island from northeast Marguerite Bay, charted by Rymill's BGLE in 1936–37.
St. Johns River
The St. Johns River is Florida's longest river, flowing about 310 miles north from Indian River County marshes to the Atlantic at Mayport, with a one-inch-per-mile gradient, twice-daily tidal reversal, Timucua and French colonial history, and the Port of Jacksonville at its mouth.
St. Lawrence River
The St. Lawrence River (fleuve Saint-Laurent) drains the Great Lakes to the Atlantic, about 800 miles long with freshwater, estuary, and Gulf sections; home of the 1959 St. Lawrence Seaway and IJC-regulated Lake Ontario outflows.
St. Martin's Island
St. Martin's Island (Narikel Zinzira) is Bangladesh's southernmost island in the Bay of Bengal near Teknaf, its only coral-bearing island, with sandstone base rock, 98 hard coral species, severe shoreline erosion, and a nine-month tourism ban since 2025.
St.Lawrence
St.Lawrence, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 117, a temperate coastal rivers ecoregion in Canada and the US defined by the St. Lawrence River drainage from Lake Ontario to the Gulf, home of the endemic copper redhorse.
Stanley Patch
Stanley Patch, also charted by Argentina as Stacy banco, is a shoal and submerged scoria cone in Port Foster, Deception Island, Antarctica; it formed subaerially and shows the caldera flooded within the last ~2000 years.
Stanwell-Fletcher
Stanwell-Fletcher Lake, Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada: 339 km2 cold monomictic polar lake in the Boothia Arch, draining via Union River to Creswell Bay, home to Arctic char.
State-level waterfall inventories in the United States
A state-level waterfall inventory is a compiled catalog of the waterfalls of one or more U.S. states, built by federal agencies, state surveys, or volunteer projects.
State, tribal and local wetland regulation in the United States
State, tribal, and local wetland regulation in the United States is the state, tribal, and local laws protecting wetlands outside federal Clean Water Act jurisdiction.
Steamboat Geyser
Steamboat Geyser, in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone, is the world's tallest active geyser, with major eruptions over 91 m, intervals of 3 days to 50 years, and active phases in the 1960s, 1980s, and since 2018.
Stefansson Strait
Stefansson Strait, also called Stefansson Sound or formerly Boggs Strait, is an ice-filled Antarctic strait 35 nautical miles long between Palmer Land and Hearst Island, photographed by Wilkins in 1928 and named for Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson.
Stewart
Stewart: chiefly the Stewart River (Náhcho Nyäk), a 51,000 km² tributary of the Yukon River in Yukon, Canada, named for James G. Stewart in 1851; also a Yukon settlement, an Alaska river near Nome, and a Queensland sub-basin.
Stikine River
Stikine River (Shtax'héen, "Great River" in Tlingit): a 640 km transboundary river from BC's Spatsizi Plateau to Wrangell, Alaska; fourth-longest in BC, Tahltan territory, with a 300 m deep Grand Canyon, abandoned BC Hydro dam plans, and Red Chris and Galore Creek mines on its Iskut tributary.
Storavan
Storavan (Buovđđahávva) is a large regulated lake, about 185 km², in Lapland, Norrbotten, Sweden, third largest in the Skellefteälven system after Uddjaure and Hornavan; with Uddjaur it forms a 780 million m³ hydropower reservoir regulated since the 1930s, with Bergnäs power station at its dam.
Store Mosse National Park
Store Mosse National Park: Sweden's largest active raised bog, 7,682 ha in Småland 15 km NE of Värnamo, national park since 1982, Ramsar site 20, Natura 2000 SE0310020, with Lake Kävsjön birdlife and 2023–2025 restoration.
Storfjorden
Storfjorden (Svalbard), also called Wybe Jansz Water, is a large sea area between Spitsbergen and Edgeøya, Barentsøya, and Tusenøyane; a polynya producing dense brine-enriched bottom water, site of Norway's largest recorded earthquake (6.2, 2008).
Storsjön
Storsjön is a large, regulated lake in Jämtland, Sweden. It is the fifth largest by surface area and acts as a reservoir for the Indalsälven hydropower system.
Storuman
Storuman (Ume Sami Stuora Ubmeje, Lusspie) is a regulated lake in southern Lappland, Sweden, the Umeälven's largest hydropower reservoir, and the name of the Västerbotten municipality and Inlandsbanan railway town beside it.