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Tocantins - Araguaia
Tocantins-Araguaia (bacia do Tocantins-Araguaia): major Brazilian river system of the Tocantins and Araguaia rivers, ~770,000-918,800 km², draining to the Amazon estuary via the Rio Pará, with Bananal Island, over 700 fish species, and Tucuruí Dam.
Tocantins (river, Brazil)
The Tocantins River (Rio Tocantins) rises in Goiás, Brazil, and flows about 1,500 miles north to the Atlantic near Belém. Its 760,000 km² basin with the Araguaia is Brazil's most dammed Amazon system, including 8,370 MW Tucuruí.
Toccoa/Ocoee River
Toccoa/Ocoee River: an Appalachian river rising in northeast Georgia (Toccoa) and flowing through southeast Tennessee (Ocoee), regulated by three TVA dams and known for dam-release whitewater rafting and the 1996 Olympic canoe slalom course.
Tokyo Bay (東京湾)
Tokyo Bay (東京湾), semi-enclosed drowned river-valley estuary between Boso and Miura peninsulas; 1,380 km², 62.1 km³, ~30 million catchment population; six major ports, Keihin/Keiyo industry, eutrophication history, and post-2023 storm-surge planning.
Tollund Man
Tollund Man (Tollundmanden), Iron Age Danish bog body found 1950 in Bjældskovdal bog near Silkeborg; hanged man dated 375–210 BC, displayed at Museum Silkeborg, famous for his preserved face and last-meal studies.
Tom
Tom (Томь), a right-bank tributary of the Ob River in western Siberia, flowing past Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo, Yurga, and Tomsk; name from the Ket word 'Toom', meaning the river; heavily affected by industrial pollution and sediment dredging.
Tombigbee River
The Tombigbee River is a river rising in northeastern Mississippi and flowing south through Mississippi and Alabama to join the Alabama River and form the Mobile River.
Tonga Ridge
Tonga Ridge is an undersea ridge in the South Pacific Ocean forming the frontal arc of the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system, where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Indo-Australian plate.
Tonga Trench
The Tonga Trench is an oceanic trench in the South Pacific Ocean where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Australian Plate, reaching a depth of 10,882 meters.
Tonlé Sap
Tonle Sap (Boeng Tonle Sap), Cambodia's great fluvial lake, largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia; reverses Mekong flow seasonally, expanding from 2,500 to over 16,000 km2 and sustaining a top global inland fishery.
Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests
Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests: seasonally flooded forest and shrubland ecoregion around Tonle Sap lake, Cambodia, inundated 6–8 months yearly by the Mekong flood pulse; fish nursery habitat, heavily cleared, with Prek Toal the best remaining stand.
Tonle Sap–Mekong peat swamp forests
Tonle Sap–Mekong peat swamp forests: a Cambodian freshwater swamp-forest ecoregion of permanently shallow-inundated land around Tonle Sap, marked by flood-pulse adaptation, severe fire and rice-conversion losses, and UNESCO Biosphere Reserve protection.
Topozero
Topozero (Топозеро; Finnish: Topasjärvi) is a large freshwater lake in northern Karelia, Russia, in the Kovda River basin and part of the Kumskoye Reservoir since 1966.
Torneträsk
Torneträsk (Duortnosjávri), Sweden's sixth largest lake and largest unregulated lake, a 331 km2 subarctic mountain lake in Norrbotten near Abisko; outlet Tarrakoski starts the protected Torneälven; max depth 168 m; ice records since 1873.
Torrens
Torrens refers to two South Australian water features named for Sir Robert Torrens: the River Torrens, flowing through Adelaide, and Lake Torrens, a large episodic salt lake to the north.
Torres Strait
Torres Strait, also known as Zenadh Kes, is the body of water between Cape York Peninsula, Australia, and New Guinea, connecting the Coral Sea and the Arafura Sea.
Torronsuo National Park
Torronsuo National Park (Torronsuon kansallispuisto), established 1990 in Tammela, Finland, protects the largest raised bog in southern Finland, 25.5 km², with peat up to 12 m deep, Natura 2000 and Ramsar status.
Tourbiere
Tourbiere (French tourbière) means peatland: a waterlogged wetland where undecayed plants form peat. Bogs are rain-fed, fens groundwater-fed; peatlands cover 3% of land yet store 20% of soil carbon.
Towra Point
Towra Point: 632-hectare Ramsar wetland (site 286, listed 1984) on Botany Bay's southern shore, 16 km from Sydney; largest estuarine wetland in the Sydney Basin, holding 40% of Sydney's mangroves and 60% of its saltmarsh.
Trail Inlet
Trail Inlet is an ice-filled inlet at 68°05'S 65°22'W on the Bowman Coast, Graham Land, feeding a flow unit of the Larsen C Ice Shelf; Joerg Peninsula divides it from Solberg Inlet, and its 1,068 km² catchment drains via Daspit Glacier.
Transatlantic crossing
Transatlantic crossing: ocean or air voyage between Europe and the Americas. Norse crossed by AD 1021; steam cut weeks to days (SS United States record 3d 10h 40m, 1952); jets made it hours.
Transit passage
Transit passage is the UNCLOS Part III regime letting all ships and aircraft pass unimpeded through straits used for international navigation, including submerged submarines and overflight, subject to limited coastal regulation; distinct from innocent passage and archipelagic sea lanes passage.
Transitional waters
Transitional waters: WFD-defined surface waters near river mouths, partly saline but freshwater-influenced (estuaries, coastal lagoons, brackish ponds). Assessed via biological quality elements under the EU Water Framework Directive.
Triangular trade
Triangular trade: the 16th-19th century Atlantic circuit linking Europe, West Africa, and the Americas, in which manufactured goods were traded for enslaved Africans carried via the Middle Passage, and colonial commodities like sugar returned to Europe.
Tributary
Tributary: a freshwater stream feeding a larger stream or river, joining it at a confluence. Ranked by Strahler stream order; small tributaries hold over 90% of US stream length.
Trinity River (California)
Trinity River (California): major Klamath River tributary in northwestern California, site of the 1848 Reading gold discovery, dammed by Trinity and Lewiston Dams (1962-63) for Central Valley Project diversions, and subject of the Trinity River Restoration Program for salmon and steelhead.
Trinity River (Texas)
Trinity River (Texas), longest river entirely within Texas: 423-mile main stem from Dallas to Trinity Bay, 17,969 sq mi basin, 1908 flood, steamboat era, PCB advisories, Galveston Bay inflow.
Triveni Sangam (त्रिवेणी संगम)
Triveni Sangam (त्रिवेणी संगम), also called the Sangam at Allahabad, is the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and mythical Saraswati at Prayagraj, India, the Kumbh Mela's principal bathing site.
Troll A platform
Troll A is a Condeep concrete gravity-based natural gas platform in the Troll field, North Sea off Norway. At 472 m tall and ~683,600 tonnes unballasted, it is the tallest structure ever moved by humans and the first NCS platform powered from shore.
Trombetas
Trombetas (Rio Trombetas), a ~750 km clear-water Amazon tributary in Pará, Brazil, draining 150,000 km² from the Guiana Shield; home of the 1979 Trombetas Biological Reserve, quilombola communities, and MRN's Porto Trombetas bauxite mining district.