Edgepedia

Thermoelastic analysis

Thermoelastic analysis is the family of engineering methods that compute the stresses, strains, and deformations a structure develops from temperature changes, including experimental infrared stress measurement.

Thermoelectric clathrates

Thermoelectric clathrates are inorganic cage compounds in which group 14 frameworks encapsulate rattling guest ions such as barium, lowering thermal conductivity and enabling solid-state thermoelectric generators.

Thermoelectric cooling

Thermoelectric cooling is solid-state heat pumping in which electric current drives heat across a semiconductor through the Peltier effect, with no compressor, refrigerant, or moving parts; used in electronics cooling, laser diodes, and portable refrigerators.

Thermoelectric effect

The thermoelectric effect, also called the Peltier-Seebeck effect, is the direct, reversible conversion between a temperature difference and an electric voltage in conductors, without moving parts.

Thermoelectric generator

A thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called a thermo-generator, is a solid-state device converting heat directly into electricity via the Seebeck effect, with no moving parts, used in spacecraft RTGs and waste-heat recovery.

Thermoelectric heat pump

A thermoelectric heat pump, also called a Peltier cooler, is a solid-state device with no moving parts that pumps heat using the Peltier effect, reversing heating and cooling with current direction.

Thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials convert heat directly into electricity and, run in reverse, pump heat as solid-state cooling. Bismuth telluride dominates near-room-temperature use, while lead telluride alloys serve spacecraft power.

Thermoelectric textile

A thermoelectric textile is a fabric with thermoelectric materials that converts body heat into electricity via the Seebeck effect, or in reverse provides heating and cooling.

Thermoforming

Thermoforming is a manufacturing process in which a heated thermoplastic sheet is shaped over or into a mold by vacuum, pressure, or mechanical force, then trimmed.

Thermogalvanic cell

Thermogalvanic cells, also called thermocells or thermo-electrochemical cells, are electrochemical devices that convert a temperature gradient directly into electricity through temperature-dependent redox reactions at two electrodes.

Thermogalvanic cooling

Thermogalvanic cooling is an electrochemical refrigeration method in which the entropy change of ions in redox reactions pumps heat; demonstrated temperature lifts remain small, near 1 K.

Thermogalvanic cooling cells

Thermogalvanic cooling cells are electrochemical devices that pump heat through the entropy change of a reversible redox reaction, the electrochemical analog of the Peltier effect.

Oct 20, 2026

Thermogenesis

Thermogenesis: heat production by organisms, including obligatory metabolic heat and regulated heat generation. Key mechanisms: UCP1-mediated brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, cold-induced non-shivering heat, and adaptive thermogenesis during weight change.

Thermogenin

Thermogenin, now called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), is a 32 kDa mitochondrial inner-membrane protein of brown and beige adipocytes that leaks protons to generate heat; activated by fatty acids, inhibited by purine nucleotides such as ATP.

Thermography

Thermography, also known as thermal imaging or infrared thermography, produces images called thermograms from a surface's infrared radiation, showing its temperature distribution without contact for building, industrial, and medical use.

Thermogravimetric analysis

Thermogravimetric analysis, also called thermogravimetry (TGA), is a thermal analysis technique that measures a sample's mass as a function of temperature under a controlled temperature program.

Thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry

Thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry, also written TGA-MS, is a hyphenated analytical technique in which gases evolved from a heated sample pass to a mass spectrometer for identification.

Thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis

Thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) is a simultaneous thermal analysis technique that records a sample's mass change and its temperature difference from a reference during controlled heating.

Thermohaline circulation

Thermohaline circulation, also called the global conveyor belt, is the global system of deep-ocean currents driven by density differences from temperature and salinity, turning over all deep water roughly every 600 years.

Thermohaloacidophilic archaea

Thermohaloacidophilic archaea are archaea that would tolerate three simultaneous extremes: high temperature, high salinity, and low pH. Habitats like Dallol, Ethiopia combine all three, but no cultured organism does.

Thermohalophilic archaea

Thermohalophilic archaea are archaea adapted to grow under both elevated temperature and elevated salt, found in hot brines and deep-sea hypersaline basins, and studied as models for life on Mars and icy moons.

Thermokarst

Thermokarst is the process in which thawing ice-rich permafrost or melting massive ground ice causes the land surface to collapse and subside, forming depressions, sinkholes, and especially thaw lakes across Arctic lowlands.

Thermoluminescence dating

Thermoluminescence dating, or TL dating, is a luminescence method that dates when a material was last heated, chiefly fired ceramics and burnt flint from Paleolithic sites.

Thermoluminescent dosimeter

A thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) is a passive radiation detector in which a heated crystalline phosphor releases light proportional to absorbed dose, commonly used for personal, environmental, and clinical dosimetry.

Thermoluminescent dosimetry

Thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) is a passive radiation measurement technique in which a crystalline phosphor stores trapped charge from ionizing radiation and releases it as light when heated, with the light used to determine absorbed dose.

Thermolysin

Thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27, TLN) is a 34.6 kDa zinc metalloendopeptidase from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, prototype of M4 proteases; first metalloendopeptidase structure solved (1972), used in aspartame synthesis.

Thermolysin family (M4) peptidases

The thermolysin family (M4) peptidases are secreted bacterial zinc endopeptidases defined by a HEXXH zinc-binding motif; thermolysin is the archetype, and members include pseudolysin, aureolysin, and vibriolysin.

Thermomagnetic analysis

Thermomagnetic analysis is a laboratory method that measures a sample's magnetization or magnetic susceptibility while heating and cooling it, identifying magnetic minerals from their Curie temperatures.

Thermomechanical analysis

Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a thermal analysis technique that measures changes in a material's dimensions or volume with temperature under a defined load, commonly used for thermal expansion, glass transitions, and softening points.