519,064 articles
Thermomechanical processing
Thermomechanical processing (TMP) is a metallurgical method combining controlled deformation and heat treatment in one manufacturing route; in steel plate its main form, TMCP, uses controlled rolling followed by accelerated cooling.
Thermomechanical pulping
Thermomechanical pulping, commercially introduced in 1968, is a mechanical pulping process in which steam-softened wood chips are refined into strong, high-yield pulp used mainly for newsprint and magazine paper.
Thermometer
A thermometer is an instrument that measures temperature by converting a physical change, such as a liquid's expansion or emitted infrared radiation, into a reading on a calibrated scale.
Thermometric titration
Thermometric titration, also called enthalpimetric titration, is an analytical method locating the titration endpoint from heat released or absorbed by the reaction, first performed by Dutoit and Grobet in 1921.
Thermomix
Thermomix, sold as Bimby in some southern European markets, is Vorwerk's countertop all-in-one appliance that weighs, chops, kneads, heats, steams, and cooks; current model TM7 (2025), €1,549, sold via direct sales and online.
thermondo
thermondo (Thermondo GmbH) is a Berlin-based heating installation company founded in 2012 by Philipp Pausder, described as Germany's largest residential heat pump installer, with over 60,000 systems installed.
Thermonuclear weapon
A thermonuclear weapon, also called a hydrogen bomb or H-bomb, is a nuclear weapon whose fission explosion ignites fusion, yielding far greater power than fission weapons.
Thermophile
Thermophile: heat-loving microorganism with optimal growth between 60 and 80°C; hyperthermophiles grow above 80°C, up to 113°C (Pyrolobus fumarii). Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents; source of thermostable enzymes like Taq polymerase used in PCR.
Thermophoresis
Thermophoresis is the migration of particles, colloids, or molecules along a temperature gradient in a gas or liquid, also called thermodiffusion or the Soret effect, and applied in aerosol technology.
Thermophotovoltaic heat-battery cells
Thermophotovoltaic heat-battery cells are photovoltaic devices that convert infrared radiation from a hot storage medium into electricity, discharging thermal batteries that store grid power as heat above 1000 °C.
Thermophotovoltaics
Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) is the conversion of thermal radiation into electricity using photovoltaic cells, with a hot emitter above 800 °C replacing the sun as the light source.
Thermoplasma
Thermoplasma is a genus of cell wall-less thermoacidophilic archaea (Darland et al. 1970) with species T. acidophilum (59 C, pH 2, coal refuse piles) and T. volcanium (60 C, solfatara fields), facultative anaerobes with tetraether lipid membranes.
Thermoplasma volcanium
Thermoplasma volcanium is a motile, cell wall-deficient thermoacidophilic archaeon that grows optimally at 60 °C and pH 2 to 3, described in 1988 as the second species of Thermoplasma.
Thermoplasmata
Thermoplasmata is an archaeal class (Reysenbach 2002) in the phylum Thermoplasmatota, named for the wall-less thermoacidophile Thermoplasma, and including Ferroplasma, Picrophilus, Methanomassiliicoccales, and Thermoprofundales.
Thermoplasmatales
Thermoplasmatales: an order of extremely acidophilic, cell wall-lacking archaea (Thermoplasma, Ferroplasma, Picrophilus, Cuniculiplasma) in phylum Thermoplasmatota, growing near pH −0.06 at 37–60°C and used in ore bioleaching.
Thermoplastic
A thermoplastic, also called a thermoplastic polymer or resin, is a plastic that melts when heated and solidifies when cooled, so it can be reshaped repeatedly.
Thermoplastic elastomer
A thermoplastic elastomer, also known as thermoplastic rubber, is a rubber-like polymer that melts and reprocesses like a thermoplastic while behaving elastically like vulcanized rubber at service temperature.
Thermoplastic polyurethane
Thermoplastic polyurethane, or TPU, is a thermoplastic elastomer made of soft polyol and hard diisocyanate segments, melted and molded like plastic yet elastic like rubber.
Thermopolis, Wyoming
Thermopolis, Wyoming: county seat of Hot Springs County in the Bighorn Basin, home of Hot Springs State Park, Big Spring (3.6 million gallons/day at 135°F), and the free State Bath House guaranteed since the 1896 Shoshone-Arapaho cession.
Thermopower waves
Thermopower waves are a direct energy conversion method in which a self-propagating reaction wave along a carbon nanotube turns exothermic fuel into electricity, first demonstrated at MIT in 2010.
Thermoproteales
Thermoproteales (Zillig and Stetter 1982) is an order of anaerobic, extremely thermophilic archaea in the class Thermoprotei, phylum Crenarchaeota, with families Thermofilaceae and Thermoproteaceae, found in solfataric hot waters and submarine vents.
Thermoproteota
Thermoproteota, formerly Crenarchaeota, is an archaeal phylum of extreme thermophiles and thermoacidophiles including Thermoproteales, Desulfurococcales, and Sulfolobales; in GTDB it equals the TACK superphylum.
Thermoproteus
Thermoproteus (Zillig and Stetter 1982) is a genus of rod-shaped hyperthermophilic crenarchaeotal archaea in the order Thermoproteales, type species T. tenax, growing up to 95°C in mildly acidic sulfur sediments such as Yellowstone pH 5-6 springs.
Thermoptometry
Thermoptometry is a family of thermoanalytical techniques, formalized by IUPAC in 1985, that measure an optical property of a substance as it is heated; its best-known form is thermomicroscopy.
Thermopylae (Θερμοπύλαι)
Thermopylae (Θερμοπύλαι, "Hot Gates") is a narrow Greek coastal pass, site of the 480 BC battle where Leonidas' 300 Spartans and allied Greeks held Xerxes' Persian army before being flanked via the Anopaia path; also fought over in 279 BC, 191 BC, and 1941.
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation: the behavioral and physiological maintenance of body temperature. Covers endothermy versus ectothermy, hypothalamic control, fever, brown fat, countercurrent exchange, and the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals.
Thermoremanent magnetization
Thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) is the permanent magnetization acquired when a ferrimagnetic material cools below its Curie temperature in a magnetic field, recording the geomagnetic field.
Thermosalinograph
A thermosalinograph (TSG) is a shipboard instrument that continuously measures sea surface temperature and salinity along a ship's track, using seawater drawn through a pumped intake while the vessel is underway.
Thermoset recycling
Thermoset recycling is the recovery of material value from thermosetting polymers, cross-linked networks that cannot be remelted once cured, through grinding, thermal processes, and chemical depolymerization.
Thermosetting polymer
A thermosetting polymer, or thermoset, is a polymer that cures irreversibly into a hard, cross-linked network that cannot be remelted, such as epoxy or Bakelite.