Edgepedia

Thymic neuroendocrine tumor

Thymic neuroendocrine tumor (thymic carcinoid, TNET): rare malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm of the thymus in the anterior mediastinum; male-predominant, linked to MEN1 and Cushing syndrome, treated mainly by surgery.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an IL-7-like four-helix-bundle epithelial cytokine signaling via TSLPR/IL-7Rα, drives type 2 allergic inflammation and is blocked by tezepelumab for severe asthma.

Thymidine

Thymidine, also called deoxythymidine, is a nucleoside of thymine and deoxyribose, the DNA form of the letter T that pairs with adenine in the double helix.

Thymidine kinase

Thymidine kinase (TK, EC 2.7.1.21) phosphorylates thymidine to dTMP in DNA salvage. Isoenzymes: cytosolic cell-cycle-regulated TK1, mitochondrial TK2, viral HSV-TK used in ganciclovir suicide gene therapy, PET reporter imaging, serum TK1 cancer biomarker, and TK2 deficiency treated by Kygevvi.

Thymidine phosphorylase

Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP, EC 2.4.2.4), also platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, catabolizes thymidine and deoxyuridine; deficiency causes MNGIE, and the enzyme activates capecitabine in cancer treatment.

Thymidylate kinase

Thymidylate kinase (TMPK, dTMP kinase, EC 2.7.4.9, bacterial gene tmk, human gene DTYMK) phosphorylates dTMP to dTDP using ATP, an essential step in dTTP and DNA synthesis. Species-specific active sites make bacterial TMPKs antibiotic targets; AZT-MP inhibits the M. tuberculosis enzyme but is a substrate for human and E. coli TMPKs.

Thymidylate synthase

Thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45), a folate-dependent transferase making dTMP from dUMP, the sole de novo source of dTTP; key target of 5-fluorouracil and antifolate cancer drugs.

Thymine

Thymine (T) is one of DNA's four nucleotide bases, a pyrimidine also known as 5-methyluracil, that pairs with adenine; in RNA, uracil takes its place.

Thymine dimer

A thymine dimer is a DNA lesion in which two adjacent thymine bases are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring under ultraviolet irradiation, the first environmentally induced DNA lesion discovered.

Thymio

Thymio is an open-source educational wheeled robot designed at EPFL and ECAL in Switzerland, produced by the nonprofit Mobsya and used in classrooms from primary school to university.

Thymocyte

Thymocyte, an immature T lymphocyte developing in the thymus; also called thymus-derived lymphocyte precursor. Undergoes positive and negative selection on self peptide-MHC; only about 5% are exported as mature T cells.

Thymol

Thymol, also known as thyme camphor, is a naturally occurring phenol and the principal bioactive component of thyme essential oil, used as an antiseptic, flavoring, and pesticide.

Thymoma

Thymoma: an epithelial tumor of the thymus (thymic epithelial tumor, TET), WHO types A, AB, B1-B3; anterior mediastinal mass, 0.13/100,000 incidence, strongly linked to myasthenia gravis, treated mainly by surgery.

Thymoma-hypogammaglobulinemia syndrome

Thymoma-hypogammaglobulinemia syndrome, also called Good syndrome, is a rare acquired immunodeficiency of adults combining a thymoma with low immunoglobulins, low B cells, and increased infections.

Oct 20, 2026

Thymonia

Thymonia (Θυμωνιά) is an ancient circular tower site on the southeast coast of Thasos, Greece, near Aliki; the island's largest tower, 15 m in diameter, probably guarding the Aliki quarries.

Thymopentin

Thymopentin (TP-5), Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr, a synthetic pentapeptide matching amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin; immunomodulator enhancing T-cell production, studied in HIV, tuberculosis, and eczema, never FDA-approved.

Thymoproteasome

The thymoproteasome is a specialized 20S proteasome in the thymus, defined by the β5t subunit (encoded by PSMB11), which generates the self-peptides needed for positive selection of CD8 cytotoxic T cells.

Thymoquinone

Thymoquinone, the main bioactive constituent of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil, was first isolated in 1963 and studied for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity without established clinical use.

Thymosin

Thymosin: family of thymus-derived polypeptide hormones named in 1966 by Goldstein and White. Key members are thymosin alpha-1 (Zadaxin, sepsis and hepatitis studies, not FDA-approved) and thymosin beta-4 (actin-binding, wound healing, WADA-prohibited).

Thymulin

Thymulin, formerly known as FTS, is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide hormone produced by thymic epithelial cells that promotes T cell differentiation, discovered by French immunologists in the 1970s.

Thymus

Thymus: bilobed primary lymphoid organ in the superior mediastinum where T cells mature and undergo selection; undergoes involution from puberty; linked to myasthenia gravis, DiGeorge syndrome, and thymectomy.

Thymus histology

Thymus histology is the microscopic structure of the thymus, a two-lobed lymphoepithelial organ above the heart, organized into a thymocyte-packed cortex and a paler medulla containing Hassall's corpuscles.

Thymus pulegioides

Thymus pulegioides (large thyme, lemon thyme) is a European Lamiaceae subshrub of section Serpyllum, subsection Alternantes, chemically polymorphic with carvacrol, thymol, geraniol, and linalool chemotypes, used in traditional medicine.

Thymus serpyllum

Thymus serpyllum L. (wild thyme, breckland thyme, creeping thyme) is a mat-forming Lamiaceae subshrub native from Europe to western Siberia, used since antiquity for its thymol- and carvacrol-bearing essential oil and in traditional respiratory and gastrointestinal medicine.

Thymus transplantation

Thymus transplantation (cultured thymus tissue implantation, CTTI, RETHYMIC) treats congenital athymia by implanting cultured donor thymus slices into quadriceps muscle; FDA approved October 8, 2021, available at Duke and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 77% one-year survival.