142 articles
Batetela rebellions
The Batetela rebellions were mutinies among Tetela soldiers of the Congo Free State's Force Publique, sparked in 1895 by the execution of Gongo Lutete and last suppressed in 1901.
Boko Haram
Boko Haram (Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad) is a jihadist insurgent group founded in 2002 in Maiduguri, Nigeria, by Mohammed Yusuf; its 2016 split produced JAS and ISWAP, and the insurgency since 2009 has killed tens of thousands around Lake Chad.
Boko Haram insurgency
Boko Haram insurgency: armed conflict begun in 2009 by the Nigerian jihadist group Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad and its ISWAP splinter against Lake Chad basin states, killing tens of thousands and displacing millions.
Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II
The Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II was the armed and political opposition to Bulgaria's pro-Axis government from 1941 to 1944, led mainly by communists.
Burhan Wani
Burhan Muzaffar Wani (1994–2016), Hizbul Mujahideen commander in Kashmir, pioneered social-media militancy; his killing on 8 July 2016 in Kokernag, Anantnag, sparked mass protests, curfew, and the 'Burhan Wani era'.
Camilo Cienfuegos
Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán (1932–1959), Cuban Rebel Army comandante, Granma survivor, Hero of Yaguajay, and army chief of staff, who disappeared on a flight from Camagüey to Havana in October 1959.
Carlos the Jackal
Carlos the Jackal (Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, born 1949), Venezuelan militant of the PFLP who attacked OPEC ministers in Vienna in 1975 and bombed French targets, captured in Sudan in 1994, serving three French life sentences.
Caucasus Emirate (Имарат Кавказ)
Caucasus Emirate (Imarat Kavkaz), jihadist polity proclaimed by Dokka Umarov in October 2007 replacing Chechen Republic of Ichkeria; six vilayats, Salafist ideology, attacks including Volgograd 2013; declined after 2014-2015 defections to Islamic State.
Che Guevara
Che Guevara (Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, 1928–1967), Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary and Castro's second in command in the Cuban Revolution; author of foco guerrilla theory, Cuban minister, failed Congo and Bolivia campaigns, executed in Bolivia October 9, 1967.
Chiapas conflict
Chiapas conflict: armed and political confrontation between Mexico and the Zapatista EZLN (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional) since the 1 January 1994 indigenous uprising; San Andrés Accords 1996, autonomy, and later cartel violence distinguish it.
Colombian conflict
Colombian conflict: the internal armed conflict between the Colombian state and guerrilla, paramilitary, and criminal groups since the 1960s, also called the Colombian armed conflict. FARC formed 1964; 2016 peace agreement demobilized about 13,000 fighters; violence persists among ELN, FARC dissidents, and the Clan del Golfo.
Communist insurgency in Sarawak
Sarawak Communist Insurgency (1962-1990): armed conflict in Sarawak, Borneo, between the Sarawak Communist Organisation/CCO and NKCP guerrillas (PGRS, PARAKU) and British then Malaysian forces, sparked by the 1962 Brunei Revolt, fought through Konfrontasi, and ended by the 1973 Sri Aman Treaty and the 17 October 1990 NKCP peace agreement.
Communist Party of India (Maoist)
The Communist Party of India (Maoist), or CPI Maoist, is an underground Maoist armed group in India, formed in 2004 and banned as a terrorist organization.
Communist Party of the Philippines
Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), also CPP-NPA-NDF: Maoist party founded 26 December 1968 by Jose Maria Sison, waging the world's longest-running communist insurgency through the New People's Army since 1969; peak 26,000 fighters, now below 900.
Cuban intervention in Angola
Cuban intervention in Angola: Cuba's 1975–1991 military and civil support for the MPLA in the Angolan Civil War, including Operation Carlota, the Cuito Cuanavale siege, and the 1988 New York Accords withdrawal.
Cuban Revolution
Cuban Revolution (1953-1959), led by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement, overthrew Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959 after Sierra Maestra guerrilla war, then enacted agrarian reform, nationalization, and alignment with the Soviet Union.
Dirty War
Dirty War (Guerra Sucia): Argentina's 1976–1983 military dictatorship campaign of kidnapping, torture, disappearance, and stolen babies under Videla's junta; distinct from Mexico's Dirty War of the same era.
Dokka Umarov (Доку Хаматович Умаров)
Dokka Umarov (Доку Хаматович Умаров), also Doku Umarov, Chechen militant commander, last president of Ichkeria and emir of the Caucasus Emirate from 2007; threatened the 2014 Sochi Olympics, UN-sanctioned 2011, reported dead March 2014.
Donald DeFreeze
Donald David DeFreeze, alias General Field Marshal Cinque, was the escaped-convict leader of the Symbionese Liberation Army, responsible for the Marcus Foster murder and Patty Hearst kidnapping; he died in the 1974 Los Angeles police siege.
Eritrean Liberation Front insurgency
The Eritrean Liberation Front insurgency was the guerrilla war fought by the ELF against Ethiopian rule, beginning in September 1961 and ending when the front was driven into Sudan in 1981.
Escambray rebellion
The Escambray rebellion was an armed counterrevolutionary insurgency against Fidel Castro's government, fought in the Escambray Mountains of central Cuba from 1960 until Castro declared it over in 1965.
Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
The exodus of Kashmiri Hindus (Kashmiri Pandit exodus) was the 1989–1991 flight of nearly the entire Hindu minority from the Kashmir Valley, displacing roughly 250,000 to 400,000 people, with contested causes and limited return.
Fall of the Assad regime
Fall of the Assad regime: the December 2024 collapse of Bashar al-Assad's Syrian government, also called the fall of Damascus, when an HTS-led rebel offensive ended 54 years of Assad family rule and sent Assad into exile in Russia.
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
FMLN (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional), Salvadoran left-wing party formed October 1980 by five guerrilla factions including ERP, FPL, RN, PCS, and PRTC; fought the 12-year civil war, demobilized under the 1992 Chapultepec accords, won presidencies in 2009 and 2014, and fell to 6.25 percent in 2024.
Farooq Ahmed Dar
Farooq Ahmed Dar, also Farooq Ahmad Dar, is a Kashmiri shawl weaver from Chil village, Budgam, tied to an army jeep as a human shield on 9 April 2017; distinct from the hotelier and politician of the same name.
Free Aceh Movement
The Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) was an armed separatist group founded in 1976 by Hasan di Tiro to win independence for Aceh, Indonesia.
Free Papua Movement
Free Papua Movement (Organisasi Papua Merdeka, OPM), umbrella Papuan independence organization with armed wing TPNPB, founded mid-1960s, proclaimed independence 1 July 1971, rejects the 1969 Act of Free Choice, escalating insurgency since 2018.
Granma landing
The Granma landing was the arrival at Playa Las Coloradas, eastern Cuba, of the yacht Granma carrying 82 men led by Fidel Castro on 2 December 1956.
Guerrero guerrilla movement
The Guerrero guerrilla movement was a rural insurgency in Mexico's Guerrero state, chiefly Lucio Cabañas's Partido de los Pobres and Genaro Vázquez's ACNR, active from 1967 to 1974.
Guevarism
Guevarism, also called foquismo, is Che Guevara's revolutionary theory holding that a small guerrilla foco can create revolutionary conditions, systematized by Debray in 1967 and discredited by failed insurgencies after Guevara's 1967 death in Bolivia.