142 articles
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence (1963–1974) was the guerrilla war fought between the PAIGC and Portugal that ended Portuguese rule in what was then Portuguese Guinea.
Guria Republic
The Guria Republic was a peasant self-governing entity proclaimed in Guria, Georgia, in 1905, with its own courts and administration, described as the world's first quasi-Marxist state.
Haqqani network
The Haqqani network (HQN) is a semi-autonomous Taliban insurgent group founded by Jalaluddin Haqqani, led by Sirajuddin Haqqani, based in North Waziristan, designated an FTO in 2012, now holding Afghanistan's interior ministry.
Hizbul Mujahideen
Hizbul Mujahideen (HM), a Kashmiri militant group founded in 1989, mostly indigenous Kashmiri cadre, long dominated the insurgency, designated FTO by the US in 2017 and listed by Canada and India.
Holy Spirit Movement
The Holy Spirit Movement was a prophetic rebel movement founded in northern Uganda in 1986 by Alice Auma, a spirit medium who fought Yoweri Museveni's government.
Hukbalahap
Hukbalahap (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon), also called the Huks, was a communist-led Filipino guerrilla army formed 29 March 1942 under Luis Taruc to fight the Japanese occupation, then reactivated in 1946 as the HMB in the Huk rebellion, defeated by 1955 under Magsaysay.
Hukbalahap Rebellion
The Hukbalahap Rebellion was a communist-led peasant insurgency in central Luzon, Philippines, fought from 1946 to 1954 by former anti-Japanese guerrillas under Luis Taruc until he surrendered.
Ibn al-Khattab (ابن الخطاب)
Ibn al-Khattab (ابن الخطاب), Samir al-Suwaylim, 1969–2002, Saudi jihadist who fought in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Chechnya, led Arab foreign fighters with Basayev, and was assassinated by the FSB in 2002.
Ibrahim Bek's revolt
Ibrahim Bek's revolt was the Basmachi insurgency led by Ibrahim Bek, an Uzbek Lokai commander, against Soviet rule in Eastern Bukhara from the early 1920s until 1931.
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (Konfrontasi): Indonesia's undeclared 1963–1966 low-intensity war to crush the new Malaysian federation, fought on the Borneo border, ending with the 11 August 1966 Bangkok peace treaty.
Indonesian invasion of East Timor
Indonesian invasion of East Timor: Indonesia's 7 December 1975 invasion and 24-year occupation of former Portuguese Timor, causing up to 180,000 deaths, ended by the 1999 UN referendum and INTERFET, with independence in 2002.
Infighting in the Sinaloa Cartel
The infighting in Sinaloa Cartel is an armed conflict between Los Chapitos and La Mayiza, which began in September 2024 following the arrest of Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada.
Insurgency
Insurgency: an organized armed movement seeking political change of a governing authority through violence, subversion, and guerrilla warfare; distinct from terrorism, countered by counterinsurgency doctrine; 65 active conflicts worldwide in 2025.
Insurgency in Balochistan
The Insurgency in Balochistan, also called the Balochistan conflict, is an armed separatist conflict between Baloch nationalist groups, chiefly the Baloch Liberation Army, and the Pakistani state.
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
The insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, or Kashmiri insurgency, is an armed separatist conflict begun in 1989 that has killed tens of thousands and repeatedly brought India and Pakistan to the brink of war.
Insurgency in Northeast India
Insurgency in Northeast India is the ongoing armed separatist and ethnic conflict across India's northeastern states since 1947, from Nagaland to Assam, Manipur, and Mizoram.
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present): Salafi-jihadist campaign by AQIM, JNIM, and Islamic State offshoots against North African and Sahel states, rooted in Algeria's civil war, spreading from Algeria to Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger.
Insurgency in the North Caucasus
Insurgency in the North Caucasus: low-level Islamist and formerly nationalist rebellion against Russia after the two Chechen wars, centered on the Caucasus Emirate (2007–2015), weakened by Syria departures, with sporadic IS-linked violence persisting, including the June 2024 Dagestan church and synagogue attacks.
Internal conflict in Peru
Internal conflict in Peru (conflicto armado interno), 1980–2000: war between the Peruvian state and the Maoist Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) and MRTA; about 69,280 dead, 54 percent attributed to Shining Path, per the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Irregular military
Irregular military: forces outside a state's formal armed forces, and the doctrine of irregular warfare (IW), defined by DoD as indirect, asymmetric, non-attributable campaigns by state and non-state actors, from Cold War guerrilla doctrine to great power competition.
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), jihadist group founded 1998 by Tahir Yuldashev and Juma Namangani to overthrow Karimov and impose sharia; fought with Taliban and al-Qaeda from Afghan and Pakistani exile, split off the IJU, and pledged allegiance to Islamic State Khorasan Province in 2015.
Islamic State (الدولة الإسلامية)
The Islamic State (الدولة الإسلامية), also ISIS, ISIL, or Daesh: a Sunni jihadist group descended from al-Qaeda in Iraq that declared a caliphate in 2014, ruled a third of Syria and 40 percent of Iraq, and since its 2019 defeat has persisted as an insurgent network with affiliates centered in Africa.
Islamic State of Iraq (دولة العراق الإسلامية)
Islamic State of Iraq (دولة العراق الإسلامية, ISI), declared 15 October 2006 by al-Qaeda in Iraq's Mujahideen Shura Council under Abu Omar al-Baghdadi; predecessor of ISIS, suppressed 2007-2010, renamed ISIS in 2013.
Islamic State–Taliban conflict
Islamic State–Taliban conflict: the armed rivalry between the Afghan Taliban and Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP, ISIS-K), begun January 2015 in Nangarhar, continuing as an ISKP terror campaign against Taliban rule after August 2021.
Jaish-e-Mohammed (جيش محمد)
Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM, جيش محمد) is a Pakistan-based jihadist group founded by Masood Azhar after his 1999 release in the IC-814 hostage exchange; listed by the UN in 2001, it attacked India's Parliament in 2001 and carried out the 2019 Pulwama bombing that killed 40 CRPF personnel.
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Kashmiri pro-independence organisation founded by Amanullah Khan in Birmingham (1976 or 29 May 1977), led the 1989 Kashmir insurgency, kidnapped Rubaiya Sayeed, renounced arms in 1994, split into Khan and Yasin Malik factions, banned by India in 2019.
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ)
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP, People's Liberation Front) is Sri Lanka's Marxist, once-insurrectionary party behind the 1971 and 1987–89 uprisings, now governing through its National People's Power coalition under President Anura Kumara Dissanayake.
Japanese Red Army (日本赤軍)
Japanese Red Army (日本赤軍, Nihon Sekigun), far-left terrorist group founded 1971 by Fusako Shigenobu in Lebanon with PFLP ties; Lod airport massacre, Hague siege, Dhaka hijacking; dissolved 2001, succeeded by Rentai.
Jebala resistance
The Jebala resistance was the armed opposition of the Jbala tribes of northwestern Morocco to Spanish colonial rule from 1912 to the mid-1920s, led largely by Raisuni.
Jemaah Islamiyah
Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), also spelled Jamaah Islamiyyah, is an al-Qaeda-linked Southeast Asian militant Islamist group founded by Abdullah Sungkar and Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, seeking a pan-Islamic regional state; it carried out the 2002 Bali bombings that killed 202 people.