5,963 articles
Führer Headquarters
Führerhauptquartiere (FHQ), Hitler's fortified WWII command centers: nearly 20 built 1939–45 by Organisation Todt, including Wolfsschanze (800+ days), Felsennest, Wehrwolf, Adlerhorst; site of the 20 July 1944 bomb plot.
Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion
The Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion (藤原仲麻呂の乱), also called the Emi no Oshikatsu Rebellion, was an armed uprising of 764 in which Nara minister Fujiwara no Nakamaro tried to overthrow retired Empress Kōken.
Fyodor Tolbukhin
Fyodor Tolbukhin (Фёдор Иванович Толбухин) was a Soviet marshal who commanded fronts at Stalingrad and in the liberation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria during World War II.
Gabriel Bethlen's campaigns
Gabriel Bethlen's campaigns in the Thirty Years' War were three expeditions led by Bethlen Gábor, prince of Transylvania, against the Habsburgs in 1619–1621, 1623, and 1626.
Gacaca court
The Gacaca courts were community courts in Rwanda, created in 2001 to try over one million cases from the 1994 genocide before closing in 2012.
Galdan Boshugtu's invasion of Khalkha Mongolia
Galdan Boshugtu's invasion of Khalkha Mongolia was a 1688 offensive by Galdan Boshugtu Khan of the Dzungar Khanate against the Khalkha Mongols, crushing their army and forcing their leaders to submit to the Qing.
Galician slaughter
The Galician slaughter (Polish: Rzeź galicyjska) was a peasant uprising in Austrian Galicia in February 1846, in which serfs killed over a thousand Polish nobles and officials.
Gallipoli campaign
Allied First World War campaign (February 1915 – January 1916) on the Gallipoli peninsula to force the Dardanelles and take Constantinople; naval attack failed 18 March, landings 25 April stalled, and the Allies evacuated. Also called the Dardanelles campaign.
Gamarra's Invasion of Bolivia
Gamarra's invasion of Bolivia was an 1841 attempt by Peruvian president Agustín Gamarra to annex Bolivia, ending with his death at the Battle of Ingavi.
Gando massacre
The Gando massacre (간도참변), also called the Gyeongsin massacre, was a mass killing of Koreans in Gando, Manchuria, by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1920 and 1921.
Ganghwa Island incident
The Ganghwa Island incident (강화도 사건), known in Japan as the Unyō incident, was an armed clash between the Japanese navy and Joseon Korean coastal defenses in September 1875.
Gangster Disciples–Black Disciples conflict
Gangster Disciples–Black Disciples conflict: feud between two Chicago gangs, also called GDs vs BDs, once the unified Black Gangster Disciple Nation founded by David Barksdale and Larry Hoover; split after Barksdale's 1974 death, marked by the 1991 Mickey Bull killing and the 2020 FBG Duck murder convictions.
Gaoche revolt against the Rouran
The Gaoche revolt against the Rouran was the 487 secession of the Gaoche Fufuluo tribe, led by the chiefs Afuzhiluo and Qiongqi, which founded an independent Gaoche State near Turfan.
Garden Grove chemical leak
May 2026 emergency in Garden Grove, Orange County, California: an overheated GKN Aerospace tank of methyl methacrylate vented vapors, forcing about 50,000 evacuations before the tank safely cracked and cooled, with lawsuits and a DA investigation following.
Garissa University attack
The Garissa University attack was a 2015 al-Shabaab assault on Garissa University College in northeastern Kenya in which four gunmen killed 147 people, mostly students.
Gas van
Gas vans were trucks with sealed compartments into which exhaust or carbon monoxide was pumped, used by Nazi Germany from late 1939 to murder disabled people, Jews, and other civilians.
Gaza flotilla raid
Gaza flotilla raid: Israeli interception on 31 May 2010 of the six-ship Gaza Freedom Flotilla, including the Mavi Marmara, 72 nautical miles offshore; nine passengers killed, blockade legality disputed between the Palmer and HRC reports.
Gaza Freedom Flotilla
Gaza Freedom Flotilla: six-vessel civilian aid convoy intercepted by Israeli forces 72 nautical miles offshore on 31 May 2010, killing nine passengers aboard the Mavi Marmara; also refers to the Freedom Flotilla Coalition's continuing Gaza blockade-challenging voyages, including the 2025 Madleen mission.
Gaza genocide
Gaza genocide: allegation that Israel's campaign in Gaza since 7 October 2023 constitutes genocide under the 1948 Genocide Convention; advanced by UN bodies, Amnesty, and genocide scholars, contested by Israel and some legal experts; ICJ case South Africa v. Israel pending.
Gaza humanitarian crisis
The Gaza Strip humanitarian crisis is the prolonged shortage of food, water, and health care affecting Gaza's 2.1 million residents since the war began in October 2023.
Gaza Strip famine
Gaza Strip famine: IPC Phase 5 famine confirmed in Gaza Governorate August 2025, first Middle East famine declaration; over 500,000 in catastrophic conditions; Israel rejected it; downgraded to Phase 3 after the October 2025 ceasefire.
Gaza War (2008–2009)
The Gaza War (2008–2009), Israel's Operation Cast Lead, was a 22-day conflict against Hamas in the Gaza Strip from 27 December 2008 to 18 January 2009, killing 1,383 Palestinians and 13 Israelis and prompting the UN Goldstone report.
Gaza war order of battle
Gaza war order of battle: formations and commanders of Hamas's Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (30,000-40,000 fighters, tunnel network) and the IDF's Operation Swords of Iron deployment from October 2023 onward.
Gaza–Israel conflict
The Gaza–Israel conflict is the armed struggle between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian groups over Gaza. Key facts: 2007 blockade, 7 October 2023 attack, 2023–2025 war, ceasefires, UNSCR 2803, over $70 billion reconstruction needs.
General Government
General Government (Generalgouvernement, Generalne Gubernatorstwo): Nazi German civilian occupation regime in unannexed central-southern Poland, 26 October 1939 to January 1945, ruled by Hans Frank from Kraków.
General Order No. 11 (1862)
Grant's December 17, 1862 General Order No. 11 expelled Jews as a class from the Department of the Tennessee over cotton-trade violations; revoked by Lincoln in January 1863, it later shadowed his 1868 presidential campaign. Distinct from Ewing's 1863 order.
General Staff of the Red Army
The General Staff of the Red Army (Генеральный штаб РККА) was the Soviet military's central planning body, serving as the Stavka's main working organ during World War II.
Generalplan Ost
Generalplan Ost (General Plan East) was the Nazi plan of 1940–1942, commissioned by Himmler and drafted by Konrad Meyer, to deport over 30 million Slavs to Siberia and resettle Eastern Europe with Germans.
Generation Kill
Generation Kill: 2008 seven-part HBO miniseries by David Simon and Ed Burns adapting Evan Wright's book on Rolling Stone reporting with 1st Recon Marines in the 2003 Iraq invasion.
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska): Ustasha regime persecution 1941-1945 through killings, Jasenovac and other camps, forced Catholic conversion and expulsion; victim estimates from 500,000-800,000 remain politically debated.