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Maguindanao massacre
The Maguindanao massacre, also called the Ampatuan massacre, was the November 23, 2009 murder of 58 people, including 32 journalists, in Ampatuan town, Maguindanao, Philippines, by the Ampatuan clan's private army; first convictions came in 2019.
Mahdist War
The Mahdist War (1881-1899), also called the Mahdiyya revolt, was Sudanese Muhammad Ahmad's jihad against Turco-Egyptian rule, the fall of Khartoum and death of General Gordon in 1885, and Kitchener's reconquest culminating at Omdurman in 1898.
Mahmudiyah rape and killings
The Mahmudiyah rape and killings, also called the al-Janabi family massacre, were March 12, 2006 war crimes in which five U.S. Army soldiers raped and murdered 14-year-old Abeer Qassim Hamza al-Janabi and killed her family near Mahmoudiyah, Iraq; four were court-martialed and Steven Green was convicted federally under MEJA.
Mahtra War
The Mahtra War (Estonian: Mahtra sõda) was an 1858 peasant uprising at Mahtra manor in northern Estonia, where 700 to 800 peasants drove off soldiers sent to enforce corvée labor.
Majdal Shams attack
Majdal Shams attack, July 27, 2024 rocket strike on a football pitch in the Druze town of Majdal Shams in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, killing 12 children; Israel attributed it to Hezbollah and its Iranian-made Falaq-1 rocket, which denied responsibility.
Majdanek concentration camp
Majdanek (KL Lublin) was a German Nazi concentration and extermination camp near Lublin, Poland, operating October 1941 to July 1944; about 78,000 deaths per Kranz's 2005 research, site of the November 1943 Erntefest massacre, first major camp liberated, now a state museum.
Maji Maji Rebellion
The Maji Maji Rebellion (1905–1907) was a mass anti-colonial war in southern German East Africa (Tanzania), sparked by forced cotton cultivation and united by Kinjikitile Ngwale's bullet-repelling maji water medicine; Germany crushed it with scorched-earth tactics.
Makan Nasiri
Makan Nasiri (ماکان نصیری), born c. 2019, was a seven-year-old Iranian first-grader killed in the February 28, 2026 US strike on Shajareh Tayyebeh School in Minab; the only victim whose remains were never recovered.
Makhnovshchyna
Makhnovshchyna (Махновщина), also called the Makhno movement or Free Territories, was an anarchist peasant movement in southern Ukraine, 1918 to 1921, led by Nestor Makhno. Its Black Army fought Germans, Whites, and Bolsheviks.
Makurian invasion of Egypt
The Makurian invasion of Egypt was a military expedition launched around 745–748 CE by Kyriakos, king of Makuria, to free the imprisoned Coptic Patriarch Michael I.
Malabar rebellion
Malabar Rebellion (Mappila or Moplah Rebellion, 1921-22): armed anti-colonial, anti-landlord uprising of Mappila Muslim peasantry in Malabar, Madras Presidency, triggered by the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation campaign, led by Variamkunnath Kunjahammed Haji and Ali Musaliar, suppressed by the Indian Army.
Malagasy Uprising
The Malagasy Uprising was a nationalist revolt against French colonial rule in Madagascar, beginning in March 1947 and crushed by December 1948 at a cost of tens of thousands of lives.
Malari incident
The Malari incident, short for Malapetaka Lima Belas Januari, was a January 15, 1974 riot in Jakarta where Indonesian students protesting Japanese dominance clashed with Suharto's government.
Malayan Emergency
Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), also called the Communist Insurgency in Malaya: guerrilla war between the Malayan Communist Party's MNLA and British Commonwealth forces, ending with MCP defeat after the Briggs Plan resettlement of about 500,000 Chinese squatters.
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories: explanations for the 7 March 2014 loss of MH370 (239 aboard, Kuala Lumpur–Beijing), covering the Inmarsat 7th-arc evidence, debris findings, the 2018 Safety Investigation Report, pilot-in-control versus hypoxia hypotheses, fringe claims, and the searches by the ATSB and Ocean Infinity.
Malê Revolt
The Malê Revolt (Revolta dos Malês) was an 1835 uprising by enslaved and freed African Muslims in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, the largest urban slave rebellion in Brazilian history.
Mali War
Mali War: armed conflict begun January 2012 between Mali's government and Tuareg separatists (MNLA, later FLA) allied with jihadists (AQIM, Ansar Dine, MUJAO, later JNIM); marked by the 2012 coup, Operation Serval, MINUSMA, the 2015 Algiers Accord, 2020-2021 coups, Wagner/Africa Corps support, and the 2026 JNIM-FLA offensive.
Malmedy massacre
Malmedy massacre: December 17, 1944 killing of 84 American POWs by Kampfgruppe Peiper, 1st SS Panzer Division, at Baugnez near Malmedy, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge; followed by the controversial 1946 Dachau trial.
Malmstrom UFO incident
Malmstrom UFO incident, also called the Echo Flight missile shutdown: March 1967 events at Malmstrom AFB, Montana, where ten Minuteman ICBMs went No-Go on 16 March, with disputed UFO reports and Robert Salas's contested Oscar Flight account of 24 March.
Malocas
Malocas were Spanish and Hispano-Creole raids into indigenous territory in colonial Chile and Argentina, made especially to capture people for slavery, in contrast to the Mapuche malones.
Mamasapano clash
Mamasapano clash: January 25, 2015 firefight in Maguindanao, Philippines, also called Oplan Exodus or SAF 44, killing 44 PNP Special Action Force commandos, 17-18 MILF/BIFF fighters, and 5 civilians after an uncoordinated raid that killed terrorist Marwan and derailed the Bangsamoro peace law.
Manbij offensive
Manbij offensive (2024): the Syrian National Army's capture of Manbij from the SDF during Operation Dawn of Freedom, launched 30 November 2024; city fell 8 December, US-mediated ceasefire and SDF withdrawal followed on 11 December 2024.
Manchester Arena bombing
Suicide bombing by Salman Abedi at the Manchester Arena on 22 May 2017, at the end of an Ariana Grande concert; 22 killed, over 100 injured; inquiry found MI5 and venue security failures.
Manchukuo (满洲国)
Manchukuo (满洲国), 1932–1945, was Japan's puppet state in northeastern China headed by Puyi as Emperor Kang Teh, founded after the staged 1931 Mukden Incident and never recognized by the League of Nations.
Mangal Pandey (मंगल पांडे)
Mangal Pandey (मंगल पांडे), born 19 July 1827 in Ballia, was a sepoy of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry who attacked British officers at Barrackpore on 29 March 1857 and was hanged 8 April 1857, preceding the 1857 Indian Rebellion that began at Meerut on 10 May.
Manhunt for Osama bin Laden
The manhunt for Osama bin Laden was the U.S. effort, from his 1998 indictment to the May 2, 2011 SEAL raid in Abbottabad, Pakistan, that killed the al Qaeda founder, driven by courier-network intelligence and later documented in declassified releases.
Manila hostage crisis
Manila hostage crisis (Rizal Park hostage-taking incident): 23 August 2010 bus hijacking at Quirino Grandstand by dismissed officer Rolando Mendoza demanding reinstatement; eight Hong Kong tourists killed after a botched police assault; Hong Kong issued a black travel alert.
Manila massacre
Manila massacre: mass killing of Filipino civilians by Japanese troops during the 1945 Battle of Manila, February 3 to March 3, under Rear Admiral Iwabuchi; about 100,000 civilians died from all causes, and Yamashita was hanged under command responsibility.
Manjeok's rebellion
Manjeok's rebellion (만적의 난) was a planned 1198 slave uprising in Gaegyeong, the Goryeo capital, led by the slave Manjeok; betrayed beforehand, he and about 100 followers were executed.
Manzanar
Manzanar War Relocation Center: Owens Valley, California camp where the U.S. confined 11,070 Japanese Americans (March 1942 to November 21, 1945); first of ten WRA camps, now Manzanar National Historic Site.