5,963 articles
Martyrs of Arad
The Martyrs of Arad, or aradi vértanúk, were thirteen senior officers of the Hungarian revolutionary army executed at Arad on 6 October 1849, now mourned nationally each October 6.
Martyrs' Day (India)
Martyrs' Day (Shaheed Diwas) in India honors freedom-struggle martyrs on 30 January (Gandhi's 1948 assassination, two-minute silence at 11 AM) and 23 March (1931 hangings of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev).
Marwan al-Shehhi
Marwan al-Shehhi (1978, Ras al Khaimah, UAE) was the al Qaeda Hamburg-cell hijacker pilot of United Flight 175, trained at Huffman Aviation in Florida, who crashed into the World Trade Center South Tower on 9/11.
Masaharu Homma (本間雅晴)
Masaharu Homma (本間雅晴), Imperial Japanese Army lieutenant general, commanded the 14th Army in the 1941–1942 conquest of the Philippines and the Bataan Death March; tried by US military commission in Manila, denied habeas by the Supreme Court, and executed by firing squad April 3, 1946.
Masalit genocide
The Masalit genocide refers to mass atrocities against the Masalit people of El Geneina, West Darfur, by the Rapid Support Forces and allied militias during Sudan's 2023 civil war.
Maseru massacre
The Maseru massacre was a cross-border raid by about 100 South African Defence Force commandos, who killed 42 people in Maseru, Lesotho, on 9 December 1982, targeting ANC members in hiding.
Masood Azhar (مسعود اظہر)
Masood Azhar (مسعود اظہر), full name Mohammed Masood Azhar Alvi, born 1968, is the Pakistani cleric who founded Jaish-e-Mohammed in 1999; UN-designated in May 2019, he remains at large with disputed whereabouts.
Mass killings under communist regimes
Mass killings under communist regimes: twentieth-century mass deaths attributed to communist states, chiefly the USSR, China, and Cambodia. Estimates range from 21–70 million to 110 million; the Black Book of Communism's 85–100 million figure is contested on methodological grounds.
Mass murder
Mass murder is the killing of many people in one event, criminologically four or more victims excluding the perpetrator, also called mass killing. Covers family, felony, public, and atrocity-scale forms, US data, motives, and distinction from genocide.
Mass shooting
A mass shooting is a firearm incident in which several people are shot in a single event, with no fixed definition; databases using different thresholds produce counts differing by more than fiftyfold.
Massacre
Massacre: collective killing of unarmed or unresisting people in a short time and small area; no legal definition, scholarly thresholds of three to ten deaths; distinct from genocide, ethnic cleansing, and pogroms.
Massacre at Huế
Massacre at Huế (Thảm sát tại Huế Tết Mậu Thân): killings of civilians and officials by Viet Cong and PAVN forces during their 25-day occupation of Huế in the 1968 Tet Offensive, with contested death tolls from about 300 to 3,000.
Massacre of Glencoe
Massacre of Glencoe (Murt Ghlinne Comhann): 13 February 1692 killing of 38 MacDonalds of Glencoe by government troops under Campbell of Glenlyon after MacIain missed the 1 January 1692 oath deadline; later ruled murder under trust.
Massacre of Lwów professors
Massacre of Lwów professors (Kaźń profesorów lwowskich): German murder of Polish academics and family members in July 1941; 21 professors and 16 others shot at Wuleckie Heights on 4 July; Kazimierz Bartel killed 26 July.
Massacre of Praga
The Massacre of Praga (Polish: Rzeź Pragi) was the killing of 7,000 to 20,000 civilians by Russian troops storming Warsaw's Praga district on 4 November 1794.
Massacre of Uman
The Massacre of Uman (Umanська різанина) was the killing of thousands of Polish nobles, Jews, and Uniates by rebel haidamak forces in Uman, Ukraine, in June 1768, during the Koliivshchyna rebellion.
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
Mass killings of Polish civilians by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and OUN-B in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, 1943-1944; Poland attributes over 100,000 deaths, Ukraine rejects the genocide label.
Mat Salleh rebellion
The Mat Salleh rebellion was an armed uprising led by Mat Salleh against the British North Borneo Chartered Company in Sabah from 1894 until his death in 1900.
Matola raid
The Matola raid was a 1981 cross-border attack in which South African Defence Force commandos destroyed ANC safe houses in Matola, a suburb of Maputo, Mozambique.
Matsumoto sarin attack
Matsumoto sarin attack (松本サリン事件), June 27, 1994: Aum Shinrikyo released nearly pure sarin in a Matsumoto residential area, killing 7-8 and injuring about 140; perpetrators identified only after the 1995 Tokyo subway attack.
Mau Mau detention camps
The Mau Mau detention camps were British colonial camps in Kenya that held about 80,000 suspected Mau Mau supporters without trial during the 1952 to 1960 Emergency.
Mau Mau rebellion
Mau Mau rebellion, also called the Kenya Emergency or Kenya Land and Freedom Army uprising: Kikuyu-led guerrilla war against British colonial rule in Kenya, 1952-1960, marked by mass detention, executions, and leading to independence in 1963.
Mau movement
The Mau movement, whose slogan was Samoa mo Samoa ("Samoa for Samoans"), was a nonviolent campaign against New Zealand rule in Western Samoa from 1926 to 1936.
Mau movement in American Samoa
The Mau movement in American Samoa, remembered as the "Forgotten Mau," protested US Navy rule from 1920 into the mid-1930s, demanding US citizenship rather than independence.
Mauritania in the Western Sahara War
Mauritania in the Western Sahara War describes its role as a junior belligerent that took the southern part of Western Sahara under the 1975 Madrid Accords and withdrew in 1979.
Mauritania–Senegal border conflict
The Mauritania–Senegal border conflict was an interstate crisis of 1989 to 1991 in which a dispute over grazing rights escalated into communal violence and mutual mass expulsions.
Maury Island incident
The Maury Island incident was a reported June 21, 1947 UFO encounter by Harold Dahl and Fred Crisman near Tacoma, Washington, investigated by Kenneth Arnold, the FBI, and the Army Air Forces, and concluded to be a hoax; it originated the men-in-black legend.
Maute group
Maute group (Dawlah Islamiya), Islamist militant group founded by brothers Omar and Abdullah Maute in Butig, Lanao del Sur, Philippines; pledged allegiance to ISIS in 2014 and led the 2017 Marawi siege, after which its leaders were killed and remnants persist as DI-MG.
Mauthausen concentration camp
Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp in Upper Austria, established in 1938, where at least 95,000 of some 197,000 prisoners died before its liberation in May 1945.
Max Headroom signal hijacking
Max Headroom signal hijacking: unsolved November 22, 1987 broadcast intrusion in which masked pirates overrode WGN-TV and WTTW in Chicago via analog microwave studio-transmitter links; FCC and FBI never identified anyone.