5,963 articles
Maximilian I of Mexico
Maximilian I (Maximiliano I), born Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria, 1832-1867, was the only emperor of the Second Mexican Empire, installed by Napoleon III in 1864 and executed at Querétaro by Benito Juárez's republic in 1867.
May 1998 riots of Indonesia
The May 1998 riots of Indonesia (Kerusuhan Mei 1998): rioting, looting, arson, and sexual violence in Jakarta and other cities, 13–15 May 1998, after the Trisakti shootings; 499 to about 1,200 deaths and Suharto's resignation on 21 May 1998.
May 2014 Ürümqi attack
May 2014 Ürümqi attack (5·22): 22 May 2014 vehicle-ramming and bombing at a morning market in Ürümqi, Xinjiang; five-man Pishan cell, 39 civilians killed, 94 injured, one suspect arrested.
May 2025 Gaza offensive
Operation Gideon's Chariots, the May 2025 Israeli ground and air offensive in the Gaza Strip, launched May 16-17, 2025 after cabinet approval, aiming to defeat Hamas, free hostages, and hold territory; it ran to August 4, 2025.
Mayaguez incident
The Mayaguez incident, also called the Mayaguez affair, was the 1975 Khmer Rouge seizure of an American ship and crew, prompting a rescue that killed 41 U.S. service members.
Maywand District murders
Maywand District murders, also called the Kill Team killings: 2010 staged killings of at least three unarmed Afghan civilians by U.S. soldiers of the 5th Stryker Brigade at FOB Ramrod, Kandahar; Calvin Gibbs convicted on 15 counts and sentenced to life in prison.
Mazen al-Hamada (مازن الحمادة)
Mazen al-Hamada (مازن الحمادة), Syrian activist born 1977 in Deir ez-Zor; torture survivor, Koblenz trial witness, abducted from Berlin in 2020, found dead after Assad's fall.
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II: the 1940–1945 Allied–Axis campaigns in North Africa, the Balkans, Greece, Crete, East Africa, Iraq, Syria, Persia, and Italy, the war's longest theatre.
Meeker Massacre
The Meeker Incident, historically also called the Meeker Massacre, was the 1879 killing of Indian Agent Nathan Meeker and his employees by White River Utes in Colorado.
Megumi Yokota (横田めぐみ)
Megumi Yokota (横田めぐみ), a Japanese 13-year-old abducted from Niigata on 15 November 1977 by North Korean agents; the most symbolic case of the abductions of Japanese citizens, with disputed death claims and DNA-mismatched remains.
Mejba Revolt
The Mejba Revolt (ثورة 1864) was a tribal-led anti-tax uprising in the Regency of Tunis in 1864, triggered by the doubling of the mejba capitation tax.
Memorial complex «Old Border»
Memorial complex «Old Border» (Старая граница) is a military-historical open-air museum in Stankovo, Dzerzhinsky district, Belarus, a branch of the Belarusian Great Patriotic War Museum with 38 vehicles on 7.2 ha and a recreated 1920s-30s Soviet-Polish border post.
Memorial Day
Memorial Day, a U.S. federal holiday on the last Monday in May, honors service members who died in military service; originally Decoration Day, first observed nationally May 30, 1868 at Arlington.
Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks
Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks: the National 9/11 Memorial & Museum (Reflecting Absence, by Michael Arad and Peter Walker), Pentagon Memorial, Flight 93 National Memorial, Patriot Day ceremonies, and community living memorials honoring 2,977 victims.
Mengjiang
Mengjiang (蒙疆), also rendered Mengkiang, was a Japanese-controlled autonomous regime in central Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 and led by Prince Demchugdongrub until its collapse with Japan's defeat in 1945.
Merrill's Marauders
Merrill's Marauders, officially the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), code name Galahad, was a U.S. Army long-range penetration unit under Brig. Gen. Frank Merrill that fought in northern Burma in 1944 and captured the Myitkyina airfield.
Mesopotamian campaign
Mesopotamian campaign (1914-1918): British and Indian forces fought the Ottoman Empire in Mesopotamia, now Iraq, taking Basra in 1914, suffering the siege and surrender at Kut in 1916, capturing Baghdad under Maude in March 1917, and taking Mosul after the Mudros armistice.
Meuse–Argonne offensive
Meuse-Argonne offensive (September 26–November 11, 1918): largest and deadliest American military campaign, part of the Hundred Days Offensive; 1.2 million U.S. troops, over 26,000 killed, cut the Sedan–Mézières railway.
Mexican Dirty War
The Mexican Dirty War, in Spanish Guerra Sucia, was the Mexican state's systematic repression of political opponents through torture, execution, and forced disappearance from 1965 to 1990.
Mexican drug war
The Mexican drug war, launched by President Felipe Calderón on December 11, 2006, is the militarized conflict between Mexico and drug cartels, with over 463,000 homicides and 130,000 disappearances since 2006.
Mexican Revolution
Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana), 1910–1920 armed conflict begun by Francisco Madero's revolt against Porfirio Díaz; produced the social-rights Constitution of 1917 and the party that became the PRI.
Mexican War of Independence
Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821), Guerra de Independencia de México: armed struggle ending Spanish rule in New Spain. Began with Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores, continued under Morelos, consummated by Iturbide's Plan de Iguala and the Treaty of Córdoba in 1821.
Mexico during World War II
Mexico in World War II: Allied belligerent from June 1942 after tanker sinkings; contributed Escuadrón 201 in the Pacific, Bracero labor, and raw materials, settling the 1938 oil expropriation dispute with the US.
Mfecane
Mfecane (Difaqane), early 19th-century southern African period of warfare, migration and state-building; term coined by Walker 1928; contested by Cobbing's 1988 'Mfecane as Alibi' critique.
Miami Showband killings
Miami Showband killings: 31 July 1975 UVF gun-and-bomb attack at a fake UDR checkpoint at Buskhill, County Down, that killed Fran O'Toole, Tony Geraghty, and Brian McCoy; later inquiries found RUC and UDR collusion.
Michael Stone (loyalist)
Michael Stone (born 1955) is a Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary, UDA/UFF member, who killed three at Belfast's Milltown Cemetery in 1988 and attacked Stormont in 2006.
Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)
Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present), also called the post-October 7 regional war: the conflict chain begun by Hamas's 7 October 2023 attack on Israel, spreading from Gaza to Hezbollah, the Houthis, Syria, and direct Israel–Iran war, with ceasefires in 2025.
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I: British Empire and French campaigns against the Ottoman Empire in Mesopotamia, Gallipoli, Sinai and Palestine, and Persia, 1914-1918, ending with Megiddo and the Ottoman surrender.
Middle strike campaign
Middle strike campaign: Ukraine's systematic use of medium-range strike drones at 25–200 km operational depth against Russian air defense, command posts, and logistics, notably the R-280 supply corridor, beginning in earnest in April 2026.
Mikhail Frunze
Mikhail Frunze (Михаил Васильевич Фрунзе), born 1885 in Pishpek, was a Soviet military commander who defeated Kolchak and Wrangel in the Russian Civil War and led the Red Army's 1924 military reform.