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Allied invasion of Italy
Allied invasion of Italy, September 1943: Operation Baytown at Reggio di Calabria and Operation Avalanche at Salerno, following the Sicily armistice of September 8, 1943, opening the Italian Campaign against German forces.
Allied invasion of Sicily
Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, July 10–August 17, 1943: 150,000 troops landed on day one, the largest WWII amphibious operation by landing zone; it toppled Mussolini but let over 100,000 Germans escape across the Strait of Messina.
Allied leaders of World War I
Allied leaders of World War I: heads of state and commanders of France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and the United States, including the Big Four (Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Orlando), the Supreme War Council, and Marshal Foch as inter-Allied commander-in-chief from 1918.
Allied leaders of World War II
Allied leaders of World War II: the Big Three (Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin) and Chiang Kai-shek, plus commanders like Eisenhower, who directed the 1941 United Nations coalition, its Combined Chiefs of Staff, and the Casablanca, Cairo, Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences.
Allied prisoners of war of Japan
Allied prisoners of war of Japan: about 150,000 US, UK, Australian, Dutch and other troops captured in WWII, held across Asia and Japan; 12,500 died building the Thai-Burma Railway and American prisoners died at a 40 percent rate.
Allied war crimes during World War II
Allied war crimes during World War II covers area bombing of German and Japanese cities, prisoner killings, Soviet sexual violence in Germany, and the absence of any international tribunal trying Allied personnel, unlike the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials of Axis leaders.
Allies of World War I
Allies of World War I (Allied or Entente Powers): coalition led by France, Russia, and the British Empire, joined by Italy in 1915 and the Associated Power United States in 1917, that defeated the Central Powers in 1918.
Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II, formally the United Nations, were the coalition led by Britain, the US, the USSR, and China against the Axis; 26 nations signed the January 1942 declaration, with 21 more joining before victory in 1945.
Alois Brunner
Alois Brunner (1912 – died c. 2001 or 2009/2010, unconfirmed) was an Austrian SS captain, Eichmann's chief deputy and head of the Vienna Central Office for Jewish Emigration; he organized deportations from Vienna, Berlin, Salonika, Drancy, and Slovakia, then lived in Syria as Dr. Georg Fischer, never brought to justice.
Altmark incident
The Altmark incident: British destroyer HMS Cossack boarded the German supply ship Altmark in Norway's Jøssingfjord on 16 February 1940, freeing 299 British prisoners, violating Norwegian neutrality and accelerating German planning for the invasion of Norway.
Alvin York
Alvin Cullum York (1887–1964), Tennessee marksman and Medal of Honor recipient, silenced machine guns and captured 132 Germans on October 8, 1918, in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, later founding the York Institute.
Amakusa Shirō (天草四郎)
Amakusa Shirō (天草四郎), whose real name was Masuda Tokisada, led the Shimabara–Amakusa Rebellion of 1637–1638 and died at about 16 when Hara Castle fell to the shogunate.
Ambonese revolt
The Ambonese revolt, known in Dutch historiography as the Great Ambon War (Grote Ambonse Oorlog), was an uprising against the Dutch East India Company from 1651 to 1656.
Ambrose Burnside
Ambrose Everett Burnside (1824–1881), Union major general, IX Corps commander, and Army of the Potomac chief at Fredericksburg; also Rhode Island governor, U.S. senator, and namesake of sideburns.
American Airlines Flight 11
American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767-200ER (N334AA) from Boston to Los Angeles, was hijacked by five al-Qaeda operatives on September 11, 2001, and flown into the World Trade Center North Tower at 8:46:40 a.m., killing all 92 aboard.
American Civil War alternate histories
American Civil War alternate histories are fiction imagining the Civil War ending differently, chiefly a Confederate victory. One of two most popular divergence points in English alternate history; nearly 150 works from 1900 onward, peaking 1970–early 1990s.
American Civil War Museum
The American Civil War Museum, formerly the Museum of the Confederacy, is a Virginia history museum system with three sites, holding about 15,000 Civil War artifacts and 150,000 documents.
American Civil War reenactment
American Civil War reenactment, or Civil War reenacting, is a hobby staging re-creations of 1861–65 battles and encampments; about 35,000 US participants, born from the 1961 Manassas centennial event, organized in small local units.
American entry into World War I
American entry into World War I: the U.S. abandonment of neutrality, 1914-1917. Unrestricted German submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram led Wilson to ask Congress for war on April 2, 1917; war was declared April 6.
American Expeditionary Forces
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF): the US Army force in France in World War I under General John J. Pershing from May 1917; over two million troops by the November 1918 armistice, fighting independently at St-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne.
American Legion
The American Legion, founded 1919 and chartered by Congress, is the largest U.S. veterans organization with over 1.2 million members, 55 departments, and 12,000 posts, known for the GI Bill and VA advocacy.
American mutilation of Japanese war dead
American mutilation of Japanese war dead (アメリカ兵による日本軍戦死者の遺体陵辱行為): WWII Pacific War trophy-taking of Japanese skulls, ears, teeth, and bones by US troops, prohibited by 1942 orders, protested by Japan in 1944, and studied by Weingartner, Harrison, and Dower.
AMIA bombing
The AMIA bombing was the 18 July 1994 car-bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, killing 85; Argentine courts attribute it to Hezbollah acting for Iran, with trials in absentia beginning 2025–2026.
Ammar al-Baluchi (عمار البلوشي)
Ammar al-Baluchi (عمار البلوشي), legal name Ali Abdul Aziz Ali, is a Pakistani Guantanamo detainee and 9/11 co-defendant, nephew of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, whose 2007 confessions were ruled inadmissible in 2025 as products of CIA torture.
Amon Göth
Amon Leopold Göth (1908–1946), SS officer and commandant of the Płaszów camp outside Kraków from 11 February 1943; oversaw ghetto liquidations, was tried by Poland's Supreme National Tribunal in 1946, sentenced to death, and hanged; later portrayed by Ralph Fiennes in Schindler's List.
Amursana
Amursana (Амарсанаа) was an Oirat prince who led an anti-Qing uprising for Dzungar independence, proclaimed khan in 1755 and dying of smallpox in Russian exile in 1757.
Anabasis (νάβασις) (Xenophon)
Anabasis (Κύρου Ανάβασις) is Xenophon's seven-book firsthand account of Cyrus the Younger's 401 BC campaign against Artaxerxes II and the Ten Thousand's retreat after Cunaxa, reaching Trapezus in February 400 BC.
Anaconda Plan
The Anaconda Plan, Winfield Scott's 1861 Union Civil War strategy: blockade Southern ports and seize the Mississippi River to strangle the Confederacy; derided by the press, later vindicated.
Anastasio Aquino
Anastasio Aquino (1792–1833), also known as Anastasio Mártir Aquino, was a Salvadoran indigenous leader who headed the 1833 Nonualco insurrection against forced recruitment and labor, and was executed after its defeat.
Ancient warfare
Ancient warfare, also called warfare in antiquity, covers organized conflict from early antiquity to about AD 645: Greek hoplite phalanx, Persian armies, Roman legions, siegecraft, and logistics.