5,963 articles
Edward IV of England
Edward IV (1442–1483), first Yorkist king of England, reigned 1461–70 and 1471–83. Won the throne at Towton, married Elizabeth Woodville, was briefly deposed by Warwick, restored in 1471, and rebuilt royal finances.
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
Edward of Westminster (Edward of Lancaster), 1453-1471, only son of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou, Prince of Wales, disinherited by the Act of Accord, husband of Anne Neville, killed at Tewkesbury 4 May 1471.
Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick
Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick (1475-1499), son of George, Duke of Clarence, last legitimate male Plantagenet; imprisoned in the Tower by Henry VII from 1485 and beheaded in 1499 after the Perkin Warbeck escape plot.
Effect of the Gaza war on children in the Gaza Strip
Impact of the Gaza war (from 7 October 2023) on Gaza Strip children: over 64,000 killed or injured, repeated displacement averaging 8.1 times, famine, closed schools for 637,500 children, and widespread trauma per UNICEF and UN data.
Effects of the Cold War
The effects of the Cold War, also called Cold War legacies, cover the transformations from the 1947 to 1989 US-Soviet rivalry: armed blocs, nuclear parity, proxy wars, and decolonization.
Egyptian–Ethiopian War
The Egyptian–Ethiopian War of 1874–1876 pitted Khedivate Egypt under Khedive Ismail Pasha against the Ethiopian Empire under Yohannes IV; Ethiopian victories at Gundet in 1875 and Gura in 1876 ended Egypt's expansionist ambitions.
Eichmann in Jerusalem
Hannah Arendt's 1963 book Eichmann in Jerusalem, from her New Yorker reporting on the 1961 Jerusalem trial of Adolf Eichmann, coined 'the banality of evil' and sparked decades of controversy over her portrait of Eichmann and her criticism of the Jewish Councils.
Eight-Nation Alliance (八国联军)
Eight-Nation Alliance (八国联军), 1900–01 coalition of Britain, the US, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy that relieved the besieged Beijing legations during the Boxer Uprising and imposed the 1901 Boxer Protocol.
Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade was a 1270 military expedition led by Louis IX of France against Tunis, abandoned after the king died there on 25 August 1270.
Eikyō Rebellion
The Eikyō Rebellion (永享の乱) was a 1438–1439 conflict in which Ashikaga Mochiuji, the Kamakura kubō governing the Kantō, rose against shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori and was destroyed.
Einsatzgruppen
Einsatzgruppen (task forces; Einsatzgruppen des SD und der Sipo) were SS Security Police and SD mobile killing squads that followed the Wehrmacht, murdering over one million civilians, mostly Jews, by mass shooting in the occupied Soviet Union from 1941.
Eiroku Incident
The Eiroku Incident, also called the Eiroku Coup (永禄の変), was the killing of shogun Ashikaga Yoshiteru by Miyoshi-led forces at Nijō Palace in Kyoto in 1565.
Eishō Incident
The Eishō Incident, also called the "Hosokawa dono no Hen," was the 1507 assassination of kanrei Hosokawa Masamoto by the faction of his adopted heir Sumiyuki.
El Alamein (العلمين)
El Alamein (العلمين), Egyptian coastal town ~100 km west of Alexandria, site of the 1942 WWII desert battles and of Commonwealth, German, and Italian war cemeteries, the Alamein Memorial, and the 1965 military museum.
El Fasher massacre
The El Fasher massacre was the mass killing of thousands of civilians by Sudan's Rapid Support Forces during the capture of El Fasher, North Darfur, on 26 October 2025 after an 18-month siege; UN investigators found war crimes, crimes against humanity, and hallmarks of genocide against the Zaghawa and Fur.
El Mozote massacre
The El Mozote massacre was a mass killing of civilians by the Salvadoran army, chiefly the Atlacatl Battalion, in Morazán in December 1981, during the Salvadoran Civil War.
Eli Sharabi (אלי שרעבי)
Eli Sharabi (אלי שרעבי) is an Israeli from Kibbutz Be'eri held by Hamas for 491 days after October 7, 2023, released February 8, 2025; author of the record-selling memoir Hostage and advocate for remaining hostages.
Elisabeth Becker
Elisabeth Becker (1923–1946), German SS Aufseherin at the Stutthof concentration camp women's section SK-III from 1944; convicted of war crimes by a Polish court in Danzig in 1946 and hanged at Biskupia Górka on 4 July 1946.
Elizabeth Bacon Custer
Elizabeth Bacon Custer (1842-1933), Libbie, American author and widow of General George Armstrong Custer; wrote Boots and Saddles, Following the Guidon, Tenting on the Plains, and campaigned 57 years to make her husband a hero.
Empire of Vietnam
Empire of Vietnam (Đế quốc Việt Nam), the Japanese-sponsored state proclaimed March 11, 1945 under Emperor Bảo Đại with Trần Trọng Kim as premier, after Japan's March 9 coup; it collapsed in August 1945 when Bảo Đại abdicated and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was founded.
Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda (1102–1167), also called Empress Maud, daughter of Henry I, widow of Emperor Henry V, and heir designated by oath, fought King Stephen in the Anarchy, ruled briefly as Lady of the English, and secured her son Henry II the throne in 1154.
Emu War
The Great Emu War (1932), a pest-control operation in Western Australia's Wheatbelt where Major G.P.W. Meredith and three Royal Australian Artillery soldiers with two Lewis guns and 10,000 rounds failed to cull about 20,000 crop-destroying emus near Campion.
Encirclement and annihilation campaigns in East Timor
The encirclement and annihilation campaigns were Indonesian military operations from 1977 to 1979 against FALINTIL that broke East Timorese resistance, interning about 372,900 civilians in camps.
End of World War II in Europe
End of World War II in Europe: Germany's unconditional surrender signed at Reims May 7, 1945 (Jodl) and Berlin May 8 (Keitel); ceasefire 2301 CET May 8; V-E Day May 8, Soviet Victory Day May 9.
English Armada
The English Armada (Counter-Armada, Portugal Voyage) was the failed 1589 Drake-Norris expedition against Spain and Portugal, sent to destroy the surviving Spanish fleet at Santander, install Dom António at Lisbon, and seize the Azores.
Enver Pasha's Basmachi campaign
Enver Pasha's Basmachi campaign was the assumption of leadership over the anti-Soviet Basmachi resistance in Turkestan by Ottoman former war minister Ismail Enver Pasha, 1921 to 1922.
Ephialtes of Trachis
Ephialtes of Trachis (Epialtes, son of Eurydemus), a Malian Greek who in 480 BCE showed Xerxes the Anopaia path around Thermopylae, enabling the Persians to outflank Leonidas; a price was set on his head and he was later killed at Anticyra.
Eric Lomax
Eric Sutherland Lomax (1919-2012), Scottish Royal Signals officer, Burma Railway POW tortured for building a radio; author of The Railway Man (1995), who forgave interrogator Takashi Nagase; subject of the 2013 Colin Firth film.
Eric Rudolph
Eric Robert Rudolph, American domestic terrorist, bombed the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, two clinics, and a gay nightclub 1996-1998, killing two; captured 2003 in Murphy, North Carolina; serving multiple life sentences.
Erich Priebke
Erich Priebke (1913-2013), German SS-Hauptsturmführer in Rome and Kappler associate, co-led the 1944 Ardeatine Caves massacre of 335 Italians; fled to Argentina, was extradited in 1995, and died under house arrest after a life sentence.