5,963 articles
Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (1899–1972), SS-Obergruppenführer, was Higher SS and Police Leader Russland-Mitte, chief of anti-partisan warfare, and commander of the suppression of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising; he testified at Nuremberg and was convicted only of prewar murders.
Erich von Falkenhayn
Erich von Falkenhayn (1861–1922), Prussian general, Prussian Minister of War 1913, and Chief of the German General Staff 1914–1916; directed Gorlice 1915 and the Verdun offensive, dismissed August 1916 for Hindenburg and Ludendorff.
Eritrean Liberation Front insurgency
The Eritrean Liberation Front insurgency was the guerrilla war fought by the ELF against Ethiopian rule, beginning in September 1961 and ending when the front was driven into Sudan in 1981.
Eritrean War of Independence
Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991), also the Eritrean liberation struggle: thirty-year conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrean separatists, begun by Hamid Idris Awate, won by the EPLF, leading to the 1993 referendum and independence.
Eritrean–Ethiopian War
Eritrean–Ethiopian War (Badme War), 1998–2000 interstate conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia over their undefined border; about 70,000 killed, ended by the Algiers Agreement, followed by the 2018 peace declaration.
Eritrean–Ethiopian War deportations
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War deportations were the mass forced removals of civilians by both governments during the 1998–2000 border war, with Ethiopia expelling about 75,000 people of Eritrean origin.
Escambray rebellion
The Escambray rebellion was an armed counterrevolutionary insurgency against Fidel Castro's government, fought in the Escambray Mountains of central Cuba from 1960 until Castro declared it over in 1965.
Establecimientos de paz
Establecimientos de paz were reservation-like settlements where thousands of Apaches lived near Spanish presidios from 1786, stretching from Laredo to Tucson and producing four decades of peace.
Estonian War of Independence
Estonian War of Independence (Vabadussõda), 1918–1920 war between the Republic of Estonia and Soviet Russia, begun 28 November 1918, ended by the Tartu Peace of 2 February 1920, securing Estonian independence and League of Nations membership in 1921.
Ethiopian Civil War
Ethiopian Civil War: the 1974-1991 war between the Derg junta and EPLF/TPLF insurgents that ended in 1991, and related internal conflicts including the 2020-2022 Tigray war (about 500,000-600,000 deaths) and renewed 2026 fighting.
Ethiopian conquest of Zeila
The Ethiopian conquest of Zeila was the early 15th-century campaign in which Ethiopian emperors Dawit I and Yeshaq I defeated the sultanate of Ifat and seized its port of Zeila.
Ethiopian invasion of Somalia
The Ethiopian invasion of Somalia was a December 2006 military intervention by Ethiopia against the Union of Islamic Courts, at the invitation of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government.
Ethiopian–Ifat war
The Ethiopian–Ifat war was a fourteenth-century conflict in which King Amda Seyon of Ethiopia invaded the Muslim Sultanate of Ifat, annexing it by 1332 and destroying its independence.
Eureka Rebellion
Eureka Rebellion (also Eureka Stockade): armed 1854 uprising of Ballarat gold miners in Victoria, Australia, against the 30-shilling monthly mining licence; crushed on 3 December 1854 but led to democratic goldfield reforms.
European colonisation of Southeast Asia
European colonisation of Southeast Asia: Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, British, French, and American rule from 1511 to 1975; Dutch in Indonesia, British in Malaya and Burma, French in Indochina, Siam independent.
European theatre of World War II
European theatre of World War II: the 1939–1945 war in Europe, North Africa, and adjacent waters, from the invasion of Poland to Germany's surrender, fought by the Axis against Britain, the US, and the USSR.
Eva Mozes Kor
Eva Mozes Kor (1934-2019), Romanian-born Holocaust survivor and Mengele twin, founded CANDLES Holocaust Museum in Terre Haute, Indiana, and in 1995 publicly forgave the Nazis, a controversial act of self-healing.
Evacuation Council
The Evacuation Council (Совет по эвакуации) was the central Soviet body created on 24 June 1941 to direct the evacuation of population, institutions, and industrial equipment from threatened areas.
Evacuation of industry to the east
The evacuation of industry to the east (Эвакуация промышленности на восток) was the Soviet wartime transfer of 1,523 industrial plants to the Urals, Siberia, and Central Asia in 1941–1942.
Evacuation of Karafuto
The evacuation of Karafuto (樺太引揚げ) was the movement of Japanese residents out of southern Sakhalin after the Soviet invasion of August 1945, with official repatriation by ship from 1946 to 1949.
Evacuation of Kiska
The Evacuation of Kiska (キスカ島撤収作戦), known in Japan as Operation Ke, was the withdrawal of about 5,200 Japanese troops from Kiska Island in the Aleutians on 28 July 1943.
Evacuation of the Polish Anders Army to Iran
The evacuation of the Polish Anders Army to Iran moved General Władysław Anders's Polish army and about 115,000 civilians from the USSR to Iran in 1942.
Évian Accords
The Évian Accords (accords d'Évian) were agreements signed on 18 March 1962 between France and the FLN, ending the Algerian War and setting Algeria's path to independence.
Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9066, signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, authorized military exclusion areas that led to the West Coast incarceration of about 120,000 Japanese Americans, rescinded in 1944 and formally terminated by Ford's 1976 proclamation.
Exercise Reforger
Exercise Reforger (Return of Forces to Germany) was the annual US and NATO strategic mobility exercise, 1969 to 1993, testing rapid transatlantic reinforcement of West Germany using pre-positioned equipment, peaking with 125,000 troops in 1988.
Exercise Tarang Shakti
Exercise Tarang Shakti is a biennial multinational air exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force; its 2024 debut was India's first and largest such exercise, and the 2026 edition at Jodhpur drew seven participating nations, 32 observers and the first F-35s in Indian skies.
Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
The exodus of Kashmiri Hindus (Kashmiri Pandit exodus) was the 1989–1991 flight of nearly the entire Hindu minority from the Kashmir Valley, displacing roughly 250,000 to 400,000 people, with contested causes and limited return.
Exodus of the Pieds-Noirs
The exodus of the Pieds-Noirs was the 1962 mass departure of nearly one million European settlers from French Algeria to France after the Algerian War.
Expedition of the Thousand
The Expedition of the Thousand (Spedizione dei Mille) was Giuseppe Garibaldi's 1860 volunteer campaign that landed in Sicily and overthrew the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Expulsion of the Acadians
Expulsion of the Acadians, or le Grand Dérangement: British forced removal of Acadians from Nova Scotia, 1755–1763, ordered by Governor Charles Lawrence; about 12,000 deported, producing the Cajun diaspora and an ethnic-cleansing-versus-genocide debate.