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Economics and business

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International Natural Rubber Organization

The International Natural Rubber Organization (INRO) was the body administering the 1979 International Natural Rubber Agreement, stabilizing rubber prices with a jointly financed buffer stock until its 1999 collapse.

International North–South Transport Corridor

The International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a 7,200 km ship, rail, and road route linking India and the Persian Gulf through Iran to Russia.

International Organization of Securities Commissions

The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) is the global standard setter for securities regulation, with over 200 members from more than 130 jurisdictions representing 99% of the world's financial markets regulators.

International Paper

International Paper is an American packaging company headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded in 1898, it reported $23.63 billion in net sales in 2025 and plans to split into two companies.

International political economy

International political economy (IPE) is a social science field studying how states and markets, power and wealth, condition each other, situated between international relations and economics.

International Securities Identification Number

An International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) is a 12-character alphanumeric code under ISO 6166 that uniquely identifies financial instruments such as shares, bonds, funds, and derivatives.

International Sugar Organization

The International Sugar Organization is an intergovernmental body in London, operating under the 1992 International Sugar Agreement, that publishes statistics and analysis on world sugar production, prices, and trade without regulating them.

International Sustainability Standards Board

The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) is an IFRS Foundation board created at COP26 in 2021 that sets global sustainability disclosure standards, including IFRS S1 and S2.

International Tin Council

The International Tin Council was the London-based body that administered the International Tin Agreements from 1956, defending tin prices until its 1985 collapse with £900 million in debts.

International trade

International trade, also called external trade, is the exchange of goods and services across national borders, worth about US$35.2 trillion in 2025 and governed by WTO agreements since 1948.

International Trade Centre

The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and UNCTAD, helping small and medium-sized enterprises trade through advisory services, training, and market analysis tools.

Internationalization

Internationalization in economics is the process by which firms and economies increase cross-border activity through trade, investment, and foreign operations, distinct from globalization and measured by trade-to-GDP ratios and FDI.

internet game dâu

internet game dâu is a casino in Mỹ Tho, Tien Giang Province, southern Vietnam, listed in OpenStreetMap and MAPS.ME about 270 metres south of Công viên Vĩnh Tràng park near Vinh Trang Pagoda, and a landmark near the Cuu Long Hotel.

Internet Research Institute

Internet Research Institute (IRI) is a Tokyo-based consulting and corporate incubation group founded by Hiroshi Fujiwara in 1996, focused on IoT, cyber security, and AI.

Internship

An internship is a limited period of work experience with an employer, lasting a few weeks to a year, neither regular employment nor a formal apprenticeship.

Interos Inc.

Interos Inc., formerly Interos Solutions Inc. and Interos Solutions, LLC, is an American supply chain risk management software company founded in 2005 by Jennifer Bisceglie, headquartered in Arlington, Virginia.

Interpretive structural modeling

Interpretive structural modeling is a method that turns expert judgments about how variables influence each other into a hierarchy, developed by John N. Warfield in the 1970s.

Intersil

Intersil was an American semiconductor company founded in 1967 by Jean Hoerni, a Fairchild co-founder who invented the planar process; Renesas acquired it in 2017 for about $3.2 billion.

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal statute that subjected railroads to federal regulation and created the Interstate Commerce Commission, the first federal regulatory commission.

Interswitch Group

Interswitch Group is a Nigerian digital payments and commerce company founded by Mitchell Elegbe in 2002, operating in 32 African countries and owning the Verve card scheme and Quickteller.

Intertemporal elasticity of substitution

The intertemporal elasticity of substitution (EIS, also IES) is a preference parameter measuring how strongly household consumption growth responds to changes in the real interest rate; published estimates range widely.

Intesa Sanpaolo

Intesa Sanpaolo is Italy's largest banking group, formed in 2007 by merging Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI, with about 21 million customers and 2025 net income of €9.3 billion.

Intra-industry trade

Intra-industry trade is the simultaneous export and import of close-substitute products within one industry, defined by Grubel and Lloyd and measured by their index from 0 to 1.

Intrapace

IntraPace, Inc. was a California medical-device startup founded in 2001 by Mir Imran via InCube Labs, which developed the abiliti implanted gastric pacemaker for treating obesity.

Intrapreneurship

Intrapreneurship, also known as intrapreneurialism, is entrepreneurial activity inside an existing company, where employees use firm resources to develop new products; it produced the Post-it Note, Gmail, and PlayStation.

Intrinsic (company)

Intrinsic, an Alphabet robotics software and AI company founded in 2021 under CEO Wendy Tan White, builds Flowstate, a platform for programming and deploying industrial robots.

Intrinsic Health Partners

Intrinsic Health Partners is the fund family of Intrinsic Capital Partners, a Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, venture capital and growth equity manager investing in ancillary cannabis and hemp businesses, with two funds formed in 2018 and 2022.

Intrinsic Therapeutics

Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc., formerly MedGenesis, is a medical device company in Woburn, Massachusetts, founded in 2000, maker of the FDA-approved Barricaid implant that reduces reherniation after lumbar discectomy.

Intrinsic value (finance)

Intrinsic value, also called fundamental value, is the value of an asset based on its expected cash flows and their risk, estimated with discounted cash flow models.

Introduction of the euro

The introduction of the euro was the two-phase process by which the EU's single currency replaced national currencies, launched as accounting money in 1999 and as cash in 2002.