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Economics and business

21,337 articles

Investor protection

Investor protection is the body of laws, regulations, and institutions that shield people who buy securities, especially minority shareholders, from expropriation by insiders and controlling shareholders.

Investor relations

Investor relations (IR) is the corporate function managing communication between a listed company and its investors, integrating finance, communication, and securities-law compliance; General Electric created the first IR department in 1952.

Invisible hand

The invisible hand, or invisible hand of the market, is Adam Smith's phrase for how merchants pursuing their own gain unintentionally promote society's interest, a claim later formalized in welfare economics.

Invivo Partners

Invivo Partners is a Spanish venture capital firm in Barcelona investing in early-stage life sciences companies at the intersection of advanced therapies, synthetic biology, and AI.

Invivyd, Inc.

Invivyd, Inc., formerly Adagio Therapeutics, is a Waltham, Massachusetts biopharmaceutical company developing monoclonal antibody therapies for serious viral infectious diseases, trading on Nasdaq as IVVD.

Invoca

Invoca, formerly RingRevenue, is a Santa Barbara, California company whose AI analyzes sales and marketing phone calls for brands; it reached a $1.1 billion valuation in 2022.

Invoice

An invoice is a time-stamped commercial document that itemizes a transaction between a buyer and a seller and states the payment terms; it is a bill, not a receipt.

Invoier

Invoier AB is a Swedish fintech company founded in Stockholm in 2018 that operates an AI-driven marketplace for invoice financing, connecting SMEs seeking working capital with institutional buyers.

Involuntary unemployment

Involuntary unemployment is joblessness in which people willing to work at the prevailing wage cannot find employment, a concept Keynes introduced into macroeconomic theory in 1936.

InvOpps FT1A LLC

InvOpps FT1A LLC is a Delaware pooled venture capital fund in New York, managed by Invus Financial Advisors, which reported selling USD 128.8 million to 37 investors.

InvOpps FT3 LP

InvOpps FT3 LP is a New York-based private investment vehicle sponsored by Invus Opportunities, reporting about $205 million sold in a 2023 Form D filing.

InvOpps FT3A LP

InvOpps FT3A LP is a Cayman Islands venture capital fund formed in 2021 within the Invus Opportunities platform, administered from New York and reporting $210 million sold.

InxMed (应世生物) (Yingshi Bio)

InxMed, also known as Yingshi Bio (应世生物), is a Nanjing-based Chinese biotechnology company founded in 2017 that develops cancer therapies targeting treatment resistance, led by ifebemtinib.

IO Biotech

IO Biotech was a Copenhagen-founded, Nasdaq-listed biopharmaceutical company founded in 2014 by Mai-Britt Zocca to develop T-win therapeutic cancer vaccines; it filed for Chapter 7 liquidation in 2026.

Iochpe-Maxion

Iochpe-Maxion is a Brazilian automotive parts holding company and one of the world's largest vehicle wheel manufacturers, producing steel and aluminum wheels and commercial vehicle chassis across 17 countries.

iOmx Therapeutics

iOmx Therapeutics is a clinical-stage German biopharmaceutical company founded in Martinsried near Munich in 2016, which discovers immune-evasion checkpoints in cancer cells and develops drugs against them.

Ion Torrent

Ion Torrent is a semiconductor chip-based DNA-sequencing technology founded by Jonathan Rothberg in Connecticut in 2007, acquired by Life Technologies in 2010 and now owned by Thermo Fisher Scientific.

iOnctura

iOnctura is a Geneva and Amsterdam biopharmaceutical company founded in 2017 as a spin-out from Merck Healthcare R&D, developing oral small-molecule therapies for hard-to-treat cancers.

Ionic Security

Ionic Security Inc., formerly Social Fortress, Inc., was an Atlanta, Georgia data-security company founded in 2011 by Adam Ghetti, acquired by Twilio in 2021 for $30.2 million.

Iora Health

Iora Health was a Boston-based primary care company founded in 2011 by Rushika Fernandopulle, serving adults 65 and older on Medicare Advantage, and acquired by One Medical in 2021.

IPCA (Brazilian inflation index)

The IPCA (Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo) is Brazil's official consumer price index, produced monthly by the IBGE and the reference for inflation targeting since 1999.

iPronics

iPronics is a Valencia-based silicon-photonics startup founded in 2019 as a spin-off from the Universitat Politècnica de València, making programmable photonic chips and the iPronics ONE optical circuit switch for AI data centers.

Ipsos

Ipsos, also known as Ipsos Group, is a multinational market research and public opinion polling company listed on Euronext Paris, with nearly 19,000 employees in 90 markets.

IQ Capital

IQ Capital is a British venture capital firm in London and Cambridge, founded in 2007, that invests in deep tech startups from pre-seed to Series A.

IQ Option

IQ Option is a retail online trading brand founded in 2013 in Limassol, Cyprus, offering CFDs and digital options; it began as a binary options broker before the EU banned them in 2018.

IQE plc

IQE plc is a British compound semiconductor wafer manufacturer headquartered in Cardiff, Wales, founded in 1988 and listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange.

IQM Quantum Computers

IQM Quantum Computers, legally IQM Finland Oy, is a Finnish company that builds full-stack superconducting quantum computers, founded in 2018 as an Aalto University spinout in Espoo.

iQrypto

iQrypto SRL is a Belgian deep-tech startup based in Mons, founded by CEO Alessandro Brunetti in 2021, that develops quantum random number generators and ETRA data-acquisition hardware for quantum systems.

Ira Ehrenpreis

Ira Ehrenpreis is a venture capitalist, founder and managing partner of the impact investing firm DBL Partners, and a Tesla board member since a career beginning in 1996.

Ira Rennert

Ira Rennert is an American private equity and buyout investor who owns 97.9% of the Renco Group, holding AM General, Doe Run, and U.S. Magnesium.