66 articles
Abydos Dynasty
The Abydos Dynasty is a proposed line of local kings who ruled at Abydos, Upper Egypt, around 1650 to 1600 BC, during the late Second Intermediate Period.
Akhmim Wooden Tablet
The Akhmim Wooden Tablet is an Egyptian mathematical text from around 2000 BC that divides the grain measure hekat by 3, 7, 10, 11, and 13.
Annals of Amenemhat II
The Annals of Amenemhat II are a fragmentary red granite inscription recording the campaigns, expeditions, and tribute of the Twelfth Dynasty king Amenemhat II, found at Memphis.
Anra scarab
Anra scarabs are design scarabs of Egypt's Second Intermediate Period whose bases always include the hieroglyphs n and r, produced mainly in Canaan around 1650 to 1530 BC.
Asyut Project coffins
The Asyut Project coffins, or Asyut coffins, are inscribed wooden coffins from the necropolis of Asyut in Middle Egypt, dating from the late 6th Dynasty to the end of the 12th.
Autobiography of Khnumhotep I
The Autobiography of Khnumhotep I is a Middle Kingdom Egyptian tomb inscription in Tomb 14 at Beni Hassan recording the career of Khnumhotep I, first Twelfth Dynasty governor of the Oryx nome.
Berlin Execration Texts
The Berlin Execration Texts are Middle Kingdom execration texts written in hieratic on fired clay bowls, held in Berlin, listing foreign rulers and peoples known to Egypt.
Berlin Papyrus 6619
Berlin Papyrus 6619 is a fragmentary Middle Kingdom Egyptian mathematical papyrus held in Berlin, carrying four problems, including second-degree equations solved by false position, and a pregnancy test.
Bust of Amenemhat V
The Bust of Amenemhat V is a siltstone head and shoulder of the 13th Dynasty king Amenemhat V, held in Vienna's Kunsthistorisches Museum and dated to 1783-1780 BC.
Carnarvon Tablet
The Carnarvon Tablet, also called Carnarvon Tablet I, is a wooden writing-board found at Thebes in 1908, inscribed with an account of King Kamose's war against the Hyksos.
Coffin Texts
The Coffin Texts are a corpus of 1,185 ancient Egyptian funerary spells inscribed on the coffins of non-royal people, mainly during the Middle Kingdom, descended from the royal Pyramid Texts.
Complaints of Khakheperraseneb
The Complaints of Khakheperraseneb, also spelled Khakheperreseneb, is a Middle Kingdom Egyptian lament in which a priest of Heliopolis addresses his own heart about a country overwhelmed by chaos.
Coregency Stela
The Coregency Stela is an Egyptian stela from Abydos whose inscription pairs Amenemhat I and Senusret I, dated Year 30 and Year 10 as if equivalent.
Dahshur boats
The Dahshur boats are full-size wooden funerary boats buried beside pharaoh Senwosret III's pyramid complex at Dahshur, Egypt, during the Twelfth Dynasty in the 19th century BC.
Dispute between a man and his Ba
The Dispute between a Man and his Ba is a Middle Egyptian dialogue where a despairing man debates death with his vital element, the Ba.
Edwin Smith Papyrus
The Edwin Smith Papyrus, also called the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, is an ancient Egyptian surgical trauma treatise with 48 injury cases, copied around 1600 BC.
Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll
The Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll is a Middle Kingdom Egyptian mathematical text on leather, bought in Egypt by Henry Rhind in 1858 and held in the British Museum, preserving 26 unit-fraction equalities written in duplicate.
Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
The Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt, also called Dynasty XI, was a Theban royal line, 2130–1990 BC, that reunified Egypt under Mentuhotep II and opened the Middle Kingdom.
Execration texts
Execration texts are ancient Egyptian ritual curse lists written on broken pottery bowls and clay figurines of bound prisoners, naming the enemies of the Egyptian state, mainly from the Middle Kingdom.
Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt, or Great Hyksos Dynasty, was a line of six West Semitic rulers who governed from Avaris in the Nile Delta from about 1650 to 1550 BC.
Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt was a Second Intermediate Period kingdom in the Nile Delta, seated at Avaris and ruled by kings of mostly Semitic origin.
Great Overlord of the Oryx Nome
The Great Overlord of the Oryx Nome was the title of the governors of the Sixteenth Upper Egyptian nome during the late Eleventh and early Twelfth Dynasties.
Harpers' Songs
Harpers' Songs, also written Harper's Songs or Songs of the Harpists, are ancient Egyptian funerary texts inscribed on tomb walls beside harpists, attested from the Middle Kingdom onward and most abundant in the New Kingdom.
Heqanakht letters
The Heqanakht letters, also called the Hekanakht papyri, are hieratic papyri written by the funerary priest Heqanakht around 1957–1954 BCE, offering an unparalleled picture of a middle-class Egyptian family's daily life and economy.
High Steward of Egypt
The High Steward of Egypt was a senior court official, written ỉmy-r pr wr, who managed the estates supplying the palace with food from the Middle Kingdom onward.
Hymn to the Nile
The Hymn to the Nile, also called the Hymn to Hapy, is an ancient Egyptian hymn to the annual Nile flood, personified as the god Hapy.
Instruction of Amenemhat
The Instruction of Amenemhat is a Middle Kingdom Egyptian instruction text in the voice of King Amenemhat I, warning his son Senusret I to distrust his circle.
Juridical Stela
The Juridical Stela is a limestone stela from Karnak, Thebes, dated to Year 1 of King Nebiryraw I, recording the legal transfer of the governorship of El-Kab.
Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus
The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus, also called the Kahun Medical Papyrus, is a Middle Kingdom Egyptian manuscript on women's health from about 1825 BC, held in the Petrie Museum in London.
Kamose Stelae
The Kamose Stelae are two royal stelae of Theban king Kamose from Karnak, dated about 1555-1550 BCE, the main source for his war against the Hyksos.