104 articles
Naqada expansion into Lower Egypt
The Naqada expansion into Lower Egypt, also called the Lower Egyptian–Naqada Transition, was the spread of Upper Egyptian Naqada culture into the Nile Delta from about 3350 BC, ending in unification around 3100 BC.
Naqada I
Naqada I, also called the Amratian, is the first phase of the Naqada culture of Predynastic Upper Egypt, running c. 4000-3500 BC with farming villages between Abydos and Hierakonpolis.
Naqada III
Naqada III, also called the Semainian culture, is the final phase of Egypt's Predynastic Naqada culture, about 3200-3000 BC, marked by Dynasty 0 kings and the earliest hieroglyphs.
Narmer
Narmer, also identified by many Egyptologists with Menes, was the first king of Egypt's First Dynasty around 3100-3000 BC, known from the Narmer Palette found at Hierakonpolis, which shows him in both the White and Red Crowns as unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Narmer Macehead
The Narmer Macehead is a limestone ceremonial macehead attributed to King Narmer of Egypt's First Dynasty, about 3050 BC, found at Hierakonpolis and held at Oxford.
Narmer Palette
Narmer Palette: siltstone ceremonial cosmetic palette, 64 x 42 cm, from the Horus temple at Hierakonpolis, found 1897-1898 by Quibell and Green; shows King Narmer in both White and Red crowns, earliest hieroglyphs, now Cairo JdE 32169.
Nebetka
Nebetka, also written Nebitka, was a high official of Egypt's First Dynasty who served kings Den and Anedjib and was buried in mastaba S3038 at North Saqqara.
Nebka
Nebka is the throne name of a pharaoh of Egypt's Third Dynasty, recorded first in the Abydos king list and Turin Canon, though scholars debate whether he was Sanakht.
Nebra (Egyptian pharaoh)
Nebra, also written Raneb and called Kakau in later king lists, was the second king of Egypt's Second Dynasty, reigning around 2800 BCE and the first ruler to place the sun god in his royal name.
Neferkara I
Neferkara I, also written Neferka, is an obscure Egyptian king usually placed in the Second Dynasty, known only from later king lists with no contemporary inscriptions.
Neferkasokar
Neferkasokar is a poorly attested king of ancient Egypt's Second Dynasty, placed between Ninetjer and Khasekhemwy and known only from Ramesside king lists and later tradition.
Neithhotep
Neithhotep was a queen of Egypt's First Dynasty around 3100 BC, one of the earliest named women in Egyptian history, known from a large mastaba tomb at Naqada.
Ni-Neith
Ni-Neith is the name Egyptologists give to a putative ruler of Dynasty 0, predating Egypt's First Dynasty, known only from a single inscription at Helwan.
Nimaathap
Nimaathap, also rendered Nimaethap, was an Egyptian royal woman of the late Second and early Third Dynasties, probably the wife of King Khasekhemwy and mother of King Djoser.
Ny-Hor
Ny-Hor, also rendered Ni-Hor, is a putative ruler of late predynastic Egypt's Dynasty 0, placed before Narmer around 3200 BC and attested only by serekhs on vessels, with no tomb known.
Nynetjer
Nynetjer, also known as Ninetjer and Binothris, was the third pharaoh of Egypt's Second Dynasty, reigning about 43 to 45 years around 2780 BC and buried at Saqqara.
Palermo Stone
The Palermo Stone is a black basalt stela fragment bearing the oldest surviving royal annals of ancient Egypt, recording kings from predynastic times to the mid Fifth Dynasty, now kept in Palermo, Sicily.
Peribsen
Peribsen, also known as Seth-Peribsen, was a king of Egypt's Second Dynasty, ruling c. 2660–2650 BC, the only Egyptian king to place Seth above his serekh.
Predynastic Egyptian mummies
Predynastic Egyptian mummies are preserved human bodies from Egypt's Predynastic period, preserved by natural desiccation in hot desert sand or deliberate embalming, with the best-known examples from Gebelein held by the British Museum.
Prehistoric Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt: the Egyptian past before writing, especially the Predynastic Period c. 5500–3100 BC (Badarian, Maadi, Naqada I–III/Dynasty 0 cultures), ending with Narmer's unification and the First Dynasty.
Reign of Crocodile
Horus Crocodile is a putative ruler of Dynasty 0 in ancient Egypt, proposed by Günter Dreyer from ink inscriptions at Tarkhan, though his existence is disputed.
Reign of Den
Den, throne name Semti, was a First Dynasty king of Egypt who ruled in the twenty-ninth century BCE, the first attested with the title King of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Sabef
Sabef was a high official of Egypt's First Dynasty who served King Qa'a; his funerary stela from Abydos is in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Sabu (high steward)
Sabu was an official of Egypt's First Dynasty, known as the owner of mastaba S3111 at North Saqqara, dating to the reign of King Anedjib.
Sabu disk
The Sabu disk is a tri-lobed ornamental stone bowl from a 1st Dynasty tomb at North Saqqara, Egypt, excavated in 1936 and held in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Scorpion I
Scorpion I, or Horus Scorpion I, is the conventional name for a late Predynastic Egyptian ruler of about 3200 BC, thought to be buried in tomb U-j at Abydos.
Scorpion II
Scorpion II (Horus Scorpion) is a possibly attested ruler of late Dynasty 0 in Egypt, fl. c. 3100 BC, known from the Scorpion Macehead found at Hierakonpolis.
Scorpion Macehead
The Scorpion Macehead, or Major Scorpion macehead, is a large limestone ceremonial mace-head found at Hierakonpolis in 1897–98, carved around 3100 BC and now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
Sebilian
The Sebilian is a Late Palaeolithic stone-tool industry of the Nile valley in Upper Egypt and Nubia, named after the village of Sebil and dated to roughly 12.6–16.9 thousand years ago.
Second and Third Dynasties of Egypt
Pehen-Ptah is a figure of ancient Egypt's 2nd Dynasty, an obscure period dated c. 2800–2670 BCE that began with the Saqqara kings Hetepsekhemwy, Raneb, and Ninetjer.