58 articles
Mouseion of Alexandria
The Mouseion of Alexandria, also called the Museum of Alexandria, was a state-funded community of salaried scholars in Egypt, set up under the first two Ptolemies in the 3rd century BC.
Nesiarchos
Nesiarchos, or nesiarch (Greek νησίαρχος), was the civilian head of the League of the Islanders, a Cycladic federation under Ptolemaic patronage in the early 3rd century BC.
Nubayrah Stele
The Nubayrah Stele, also called the Stele of Nobaireh, is an Egyptian stele bearing a copy of the Decree of Memphis of Ptolemy V from 196 BC.
Oikonomos (Ptolemaic Egypt)
The oikonomos, Greek οἰκόνομος, was the nome-level financial official of Ptolemaic Egypt, overseeing tax collection, grain, and royal monopolies under the dioiketes until the office declined in the second century BC.
Oracle of the Lamb
The Oracle of the Lamb, also called the Prophecy of the Lamb, is a Demotic Egyptian text in which a lamb prophesies the end of foreign rule to King Bocchoris.
Oracle of the Potter
The Oracle of the Potter, also known as the Potter's Oracle, is a Greek prophetic text of Ptolemaic Egypt predicting a native king who ends Greek rule.
Papyrus Bingen 45
Papyrus Bingen 45, often called the Cleopatra papyrus, is a Greek papyrus from Ptolemaic Egypt recording a grant of tax privileges issued under Cleopatra VII and dated to 33 BC.
Philae obelisk
The Philae obelisk is a Ptolemaic granite obelisk from Philae, Egypt, brought to England by William John Bankes and erected at Kingston Lacy in Dorset in 1829.
Philensis decrees
The Philensis decrees, also called the Decrees of Philae, are two priestly decrees of Ptolemy V Epiphanes inscribed side by side on the temple wall at Philae in 186 and 185 BC.
Philinna papyrus
The Philinna papyrus is a Greek papyrus from Egypt, dated to the 1st century BC, preserving three magical healing spells in hexameter verse, including spells against burns and headache.
Phylakitai
The phylakitai (Greek φυλακῖται, singular phylakites) were the police and guard force of Ptolemaic Egypt, attested by documentary papyri and ostraca from the 3rd to the 1st century BC.
Pithom Stela
The Pithom Stela, or Stela of Pithom, is a hieroglyphic inscription of Ptolemy II on granite, found at Tell el-Maskhuta in 1883 and recording his works in the Wadi Tumilat.
Priest of Alexander and the Ptolemies
The Priest of Alexander and the Ptolemies was the senior annual priesthood of the Ptolemaic dynastic cult in Alexandria, whose name dated official documents throughout Egypt.
Ptolemaic army
The Ptolemaic army was the multiethnic army of Ptolemaic Egypt (323–30 BC), made up of Greco-Macedonian settlers, mercenaries, and native Egyptians, fielding about 70,000 men at Raphia in 217 BC.
Ptolemaic coinage
Ptolemaic coinage is the coinage of Ptolemaic Egypt, a closed currency system of gold, silver, and bronze struck from Ptolemy I to Cleopatra VII, with its own weight standard.
Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great
The Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great was a state cult founded by Ptolemy I in Alexandria around 290 BC, serving as the frame of the dynastic cult.
Ptolemaic navy
The Ptolemaic navy was the fleet of Ptolemaic Egypt, based at Alexandria. Under Ptolemy II it was the leading naval power of the third-century-BC Mediterranean.
Ptolemaic ruler cult
The Ptolemaic ruler cult, state cult of living and deceased Ptolemaic rulers, was founded under Ptolemy II Philadelphos in the 270s BC and had Greek and Egyptian temple forms.
Raphia Decree
The Raphia Decree, also called the Decree of Raphia, is a trilingual Egyptian priestly decree of 217 BC honoring Ptolemy IV after the Battle of Raphia.
Revenue Laws Papyrus
The Revenue Laws Papyrus (P.Rev.) is a Greek papyrus from Ptolemaic Egypt, dated to 259/8 BC, compiling royal ordinances on taxation, tax farming, and the oil monopoly.
Ritual of Embalming Papyrus
The Ritual of Embalming is the principal surviving ancient Egyptian ritual text for embalming a human body, preserved in hieratic papyrus copies of the Roman period from Thebes.
Satrap Stela
The Satrap Stela, also known as the Stela of the Satrap Ptolemy, is a 311 BC Egyptian stela recording Ptolemy's grant of land to the temples of Buto.
Serapeum archive
The Serapeum archive, also called the Serapeum papyri, is a bilingual Greek and Demotic papyrus archive found at the Serapeum of Memphis, dating from the late third to mid second century BC.
Setne Khamwas and Si-Osire
Setne Khamwas and Si-Osire, also called Setne II, is the second Demotic Egyptian tale of the magician-prince Setne, in which his son leads him through the netherworld.
Strategos of the nome
The strategos of the nome (Greek: strategos) was the military and civil governor of a nome in Ptolemaic Egypt, attested in papyri from the 3rd century BC.
Theoi Soteres
The Theoi Soteres (Θεοὶ Σωτῆρες, Saviour Gods) were Ptolemy I and Berenike I, deified by their son Ptolemy II as the first couple of the Ptolemaic dynastic cult.
Toparch
A toparch (Greek toparchēs) governed a toparchy, a district of several villages within a nome of Ptolemaic Egypt from the third century BC, mainly collecting revenue.
Zenon Archive
The Zenon Archive is the largest surviving papyrus archive from Ancient Egypt, the working papers of Zenon of Caunus, estate manager for the finance minister of Ptolemy II.