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Third Intermediate Period: texts, inscriptions, and institutions

36 articles

Abydos stelae of the Third Intermediate Period

Private votive stelae dedicated to Osiris at Abydos, Egypt, during the Third Intermediate Period, ca. 1070 to 664 BC, in limestone and wooden forms with extensive family genealogies.

Adon Papyrus

The Adon Papyrus is a nine-line Aramaic letter from about 600 BC, found at Saqqara in 1942, in which King Adon begs the pharaoh for help against Babylonian armies.

Banishment Stela

The Banishment Stela of Menkheperre is a fragmentary 21st Dynasty stela in the Louvre recording Amun's oracle approving the pardon and return of banished men.

Chief of the Libu

Chief of the Libu was an Egyptian title for the leader of the Libu, a Libyan tribal people settled in Egypt's western Delta during the Third Intermediate Period.

Chronicle of Prince Osorkon

The Chronicle of Prince Osorkon, or Osorkon Chronicle, is a hieroglyphic inscription at Karnak in which Prince Osorkon narrates his suppression of a Theban rebellion.

Dream Stela of Tanutamun

The Dream Stela of Tanutamun is a granite stela from Gebel Barkal recording a dream of two serpents that legitimized the last king of Egypt's 25th Dynasty.

Estate of Amun

The Estate of Amun, or Domain of Amun, was the temple economy of the god Amun at Thebes, ruled in practice by its High Priests and God's Wives.

Genealogy of the Ankhefensekhmet

The Genealogy of the Ankhefensekhmet, also known as the Stela of Ankhefensekhmet, is a late 22nd Dynasty limestone relief from Memphis recording over 50 generations of a priest's ancestors.

God's Wife of Amun

The God's Wife of Amun (hmt ntr) was the highest-ranking priestess of ancient Egypt, an office centered at Thebes from about 1550 BC until its abolition under Persian rule.

Great Chief of the Ma

Great Chief of the Ma, or Great Chief of the Meshwesh, was a hereditary title of Libyan chiefs in Egypt; its best-known holder founded the 22nd Dynasty as Shoshenq I.

Herakleopolitan stelae

The Herakleopolitan stelae are funerary stelae and false doors commemorating officials of late Old Kingdom and Herakleopolitan Period Egypt, found chiefly in the Memphite necropolis and named for the dynasty at Heracleopolis.

High Priest of Ptah

The High Priest of Ptah, also called Chief Priest of Ptah, headed the clergy of the god Ptah at Memphis, holding office from the 3rd Dynasty into Roman rule.

Karnak Cachette

The Karnak Cachette, or Cachette court, is a huge deposit of statues at Karnak found by Georges Legrain in 1903, the largest from a single context.

Libu

The Libu, also written Rebu, were an ancient Libyan tribal people of North Africa, attested in Egyptian records from the New Kingdom onward; their name gave the word Libya.

Meshwesh

The Meshwesh, also called Mashawasha or Maxyes, were an ancient Libyan tribe recorded in Egypt from the New Kingdom, later settling in the Delta as soldiers and colonists.

Nile Level Texts

The Nile Level Texts, also called the Nile Level Records, are inscriptions on the Karnak quay recording annual Nile flood heights across most of the Third Intermediate Period.

Onomasticon of Amenope

The Onomasticon of Amenope, also called the Onomasticon of Amenemipet, is an ancient Egyptian word-list papyrus compiled between the late 20th and 22nd Dynasties, classifying 610 entries.

Oracle decrees of Amun

The oracle decrees of Amun, also called oracle consultations of Amun, are written records of verdicts given by the god Amun at Thebes in the Third Intermediate Period.

Oracular Amuletic Decrees

Oracular Amuletic Decrees are written divine oracles of Egypt's Third Intermediate Period, around 1069 to 715 BCE, promising named private people, mostly children, protection against everyday misfortunes; 24 are known.

Osorkon Bust

The Osorkon Bust is a reddish quartzite bust of the Egyptian pharaoh Osorkon I, dedicated with a Phoenician inscription by Eliba'al, king of Byblos, and held in the Louvre.

Papyrus Butehamun

Papyrus Butehamun is a group of hieratic letters between Theban necropolis scribe Butehamun and his father Djehutymes, written under Ramesses XI and held in Turin.

Priesthood of Amun

The priesthood of Amun, also known as the Amun priesthood, served the god Amun at Karnak in Thebes; in the 21st Dynasty its High Priests effectively ruled Upper Egypt.

Ram of Amun protecting Taharqa

The Ram of Amun protecting Taharqa is a granite statue type showing the god Amun-Re as a ram sheltering King Taharqa, carved for Kawa in Nubia about 680 BC.

Shabaka Stone

The Shabaka Stone is a black granite slab in the British Museum, set up in the Temple of Ptah at Memphis under pharaoh Shabaka, carrying the Memphite Theology.

Statue of Karomama, the Divine Adoratrice of Amun

The Statue of Karomama is a bronze statue of the Egyptian priestess Karomama Meritmut, Divine Adoratrice of Amun, made around 850 BC and held in the Louvre.

Statue of Padiiset

The Statue of Padiiset, also called Padiiset's Statue, is a reused Egyptian statuette in the Walters Art Museum, re-inscribed around 900–850 BCE for Pa-di-iset, an envoy to Canaan.

Stela of Neskhons

The Stela of Neskhons is a painted wooden funerary stela, made around 965 BC for Neskhons, a principal wife of the High Priest of Amun Pinedjem II at Thebes.

Stela of Pasenhor

The Stela of Pasenhor is a limestone Apis-bull stela from the Serapeum at Saqqara, dedicated by the Memphite priest Pasenhor in year 37 of Shoshenq V.

Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu

The Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu, also known as the Stele of Ankh-af-na-Khonsu, is a painted wooden offering stele of a Theban priest of Montu, dated to circa 680/70 BCE.

Theban necropolis administration

The Theban necropolis administration ran royal tomb work in the Valley of the Kings through the Deir el-Medina workmen's community, from Horemheb to the Twentieth Dynasty.