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Litany of Ra
The Litany of Ra, also Litany of Re, is a New Kingdom Egyptian royal funerary text invoking Re in 75 forms, first inscribed in Thutmose III's tomb.
London Medical Papyrus
The London Medical Papyrus is an Egyptian medical and magical papyrus of the New Kingdom's 18th Dynasty, held in the British Museum, with the earliest Semitic texts written in an Egyptian script.
Loyalist Teaching
The Loyalist Teaching, also called the Loyalist Instruction of Kairsu, is a Middle Kingdom Egyptian instruction text on loyalty to the king, best known from the Abydos stela of Sehetepibre of the Twelfth Dynasty.
Luxor statue cache
The Luxor statue cache is a pit of 26 royal and divine statues found in 1989 beneath Luxor Temple and now displayed at Luxor Museum.
Luxor Temple
Luxor Temple, at Thebes (modern Luxor), Egypt, is an 18th Dynasty temple of kingship begun by Amenhotep III around 1390 BCE and expanded by Tutankhamun, Horemheb, and Ramesses II, linked to Karnak by the Avenue of Sphinxes and central to the Opet festival.
Lysandra
Lysandra (Λυσάνδρα) was a Ptolemaic princess, daughter of Ptolemy I and Eurydice, who married Alexander V of Macedon and Agathocles of Thrace, whose execution helped provoke war.
Lysimachus (son of Lysimachus)
Lysimachus was a Macedonian prince, son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, and Arsinoe II, daughter of Ptolemy I. He was killed at sixteen by Ptolemy Ceraunus.
Maat
Maat (Ma'at) is the ancient Egyptian concept of truth, justice, and cosmic order, opposed to isfet (chaos), personified as a feathered goddess, maintained by the king, and weighed against the heart at judgment.
Maatkare
Maatkare Mutemhat was a God's Wife of Amun and Divine Adoratrice at Thebes during the 21st Dynasty, eldest daughter of King Pinedjem I, whose mummy was found in 1881.
Maatkare B
Maatkare B, also written Maatkara, was a royal woman of Egypt's Twenty-first Dynasty, a daughter of Psusennes II who married Osorkon and bore his heir, Shoshenq Q.
Maatkheperre Shoshenq
Maatkheperre Shoshenq, labeled Shoshenq IIc, is a poorly attested early pharaoh of Egypt's Twenty-second (Libyan) Dynasty, known from a usurped statuette and a few inscriptions, his very existence as a separate king disputed.
Macedonian dynasty (Egypt)
The Macedonian dynasty of Egypt, also called the Argead dynasty, ruled Egypt from Alexander the Great's conquest in 332 BC until Ptolemy became king in 305/4 BC.
MacGregor plaque
The MacGregor plaque, also known as King Den's sandal label, is an incised ivory label of King Den, the fifth king of Egypt's First Dynasty, now in the British Museum.
Machimoi
The machimoi (μάχιμοι, "warriors") were native Egyptian soldiers of low rank, attested in Late Period Egypt (664–332 BC) and increasingly prominent in the Ptolemaic army, where 20,000 fought at Raphia in 217 BC.
Macrobians
The Macrobians (Greek Makrobioi, Latin Macrobii) are a legendary people of long-lived Ethiopians whom Herodotos places at the farthest south of the known world, claiming lifespans of 120 years.
Magas (son of Ptolemy III)
Magas of Egypt was a prince of Ptolemaic Egypt, the youngest son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II, killed in the purge that opened Ptolemy IV's reign.
Maia (nurse of Tutankhamun)
Maia was the royal wet nurse of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun in the late Eighteenth Dynasty, known chiefly from her rock-cut tomb at Saqqara, rediscovered in 1996 and opened to the public in 2015.
Maiherpri
Maiherpri, also written Maiherperi, was an 18th Dynasty Egyptian official, probably of Nubian descent, buried in tomb KV36 in the Valley of the Kings, found intact in 1899.
Main Deposit
The Main Deposit is a cache of temple objects found below floor level at Hierakonpolis in Upper Egypt, excavated by Quibell and Green in 1897–99.
Malaqaye
Malaqaye, also spelled Malakaye, was a queen of the Kushite royal house of the Napatan period, known from a gilded silver funerary mask found at Nuri, Pyramid 59, in Sudan.
Manetho
Manetho (Manethon of Sebennytos) was an Egyptian priest who wrote the Aegyptiaca, a Greek history of Egypt, under Ptolemy II in the early 3rd century BC.
Manhat
Manhata was a foreign royal wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III, likely from western Asia, buried with two other foreign wives in a cliff tomb at Thebes.
Manshiyat Ezzat Palette
The Manshiyat Ezzat Palette is a decorated ceremonial greywacke cosmetic palette unearthed in 1998 from an intact First Dynasty elite tomb at Minshat Ezzat in the northeastern Nile Delta.
Marriage of Ramesses II and Maathorneferure
The marriage of Ramesses II and Maathorneferure was a diplomatic marriage of 1245 BC between the pharaoh and a daughter of the Hittite king Hattusili III.
Masaharta
Masaharta, also Masaherta or Masahirta, was High Priest of Amun at Thebes during Dynasty 21, eldest son of Pinedjem I, serving from about 1055 to 1046 BC.
Mastaba
Mastaba (Arabic for bench): rectangular ancient Egyptian tomb with flat roof and sloping mudbrick or stone walls over a shaft burial chamber, with chapel, false door, and serdab; precursor of the step pyramid.
Maxims of Ptahhotep
The Maxims of Ptahhotep, also called the Instruction of Ptahhotep, is an Egyptian wisdom text of thirty-seven maxims attributed to the aged vizier Ptahhotep, though scholars date its composition to the Twelfth Dynasty.
Mayer Papyri
The Mayer Papyri are two hieratic papyri, Mayer A and Mayer B, recording the trial of tomb robbers at Thebes under Ramesses XI, held at World Museum Liverpool.
Mayet (ancient Egyptian child)
Mayet, also printed Myt, was an ancient Egyptian girl of about five buried in the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II at Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, during the 11th Dynasty.
Mazaces
Mazaces, also written Mazakes, was the last Achaemenid satrap of Egypt under Darius III, defeating Amyntas's Greek troops before surrendering Egypt to Alexander in 332 BC.