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Ptolemaic coinage
Ptolemaic coinage is the coinage of Ptolemaic Egypt, a closed currency system of gold, silver, and bronze struck from Ptolemy I to Cleopatra VII, with its own weight standard.
Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great
The Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great was a state cult founded by Ptolemy I in Alexandria around 290 BC, serving as the frame of the dynastic cult.
Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemaic dynasty, also called the Lagid dynasty: Macedonian Greek royal house ruling Egypt 305–30 BC, founded by Ptolemy I Soter, general of Alexander the Great; ended with Cleopatra VII's defeat and Roman takeover.
Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom, founded by Ptolemy I Soter after Alexander's death (323 BC; king from 305/4 BC), was the longest-lasting Hellenistic successor state, ruling Egypt from Alexandria until Cleopatra VII's defeat at Actium in 31 BC and Roman annexation in 30 BC.
Ptolemaic navy
The Ptolemaic navy was the fleet of Ptolemaic Egypt, based at Alexandria. Under Ptolemy II it was the leading naval power of the third-century-BC Mediterranean.
Ptolemaic ruler cult
The Ptolemaic ruler cult, state cult of living and deceased Ptolemaic rulers, was founded under Ptolemy II Philadelphos in the 270s BC and had Greek and Egyptian temple forms.
Ptolemaios (son of Glaucias)
Ptolemaios son of Glaucias was a Macedonian katochos, or temple recluse, in the Serapeum of Memphis in Ptolemaic Egypt, detained there 15 years by his own 158 BC petition.
Ptolemy Apion
Ptolemy Apion (Πτολεμαῖος Ἀπίων) was the last Greek king of Cyrene, an illegitimate son of Ptolemy VIII of Egypt who willed his kingdom to Rome in 96 BC.
Ptolemy Epigonos
Ptolemy Epigonos, known as Ptolemy 'the Son', was a Ptolemaic prince who served as co-regent of Egypt with Ptolemy II from 267 to 259 BC.
Ptolemy Eupator
Ptolemy Eupator was a son of Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II, made co-regent of Egypt in 152 BC and dead, probably of disease, within months.
Ptolemy II of Telmessos
Ptolemy II of Telmessos, or Ptolemaios son of Lysimachos, was a dynast who ruled the city of Telmessos in Lycia, attested from about 206 BC until at least 181 BC.
Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος)
Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος), second Ptolemaic king of Egypt (282-246 BCE), married his sister Arsinoe II, completed the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria, and ruled the Ptolemaic empire at its greatest extent.
Ptolemy III Euergetes
Ptolemy III Euergetes, meaning "the Benefactor", was a Greek king of the Ptolemaic dynasty who ruled Egypt from 246 to 222 BC, son of Ptolemy II.
Ptolemy IV Philopator
Ptolemy IV Philopator (Ptolemaios Philopator) was a Ptolemaic king of Egypt, reigning from 222 to 204 BC and defeating Antiochus III at Raphia in 217 BC.
Ptolemy IX Soter
Ptolemy IX Soter, also called Ptolemy Lathyrus, was a Macedonian king of Egypt of the Ptolemaic dynasty, ruling 116–107 BC and again 88–81/80 BC after exile in Cyprus.
Ptolemy Macron
Ptolemy Macron was a Ptolemaic official who governed Cyprus under Ptolemy VI Philometor, deserted to Antiochus IV Epiphanes, was rewarded with Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, and died by poison.
Ptolemy of Cyprus
Ptolemy of Cyprus, also called Ptolemy, king of Cyprus, was the last Ptolemaic king of Cyprus, ruling from 80 BC until Roman annexation in 58 BC.
Ptolemy Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος) (son of Cleopatra)
Ptolemy Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος), youngest son of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony, born c. 36 BC; named king of Phoenicia, Syria, and Cilicia at the Donations of Alexandria, later under Octavia's guardianship, fate unknown.
Ptolemy V Epiphanes
Ptolemy V Epiphanes, also known as Ptolemy Epiphanes, was a king of Ptolemaic Egypt who reigned from 204 to 180 BC and is best known from the Rosetta Stone decree of 196 BC.
Ptolemy VI Philometor
Ptolemy VI Philometor, also known as Ptolemy Philometor, was a Greek Macedonian king of Ptolemaic Egypt who reigned 180–164 and 163–145 BCE, dying in Syria in 145.
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator is the conventional name for a shadowy Ptolemaic prince of second-century BC Egypt, probably Ptolemy Memphites, murdered by his father around 130 BC.
Ptolemy VIII Physcon
Ptolemy VIII Physcon, also known as Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, was a king of Ptolemaic Egypt who reigned, with interruptions, from 170 BC until his death in 116 BC.
Ptolemy X Alexander I
Ptolemy X Alexander I (Ptolemy Alexander) was a king of Ptolemaic Egypt who ruled from 107 to 88 BC, displacing his brother Ptolemy IX, and died trying to retake the kingdom.
Ptolemy XI Alexander II
Ptolemy XI Alexander II, also known as Ptolemy Alexander II, was a king of Ptolemaic Egypt whose reign of about 18 days in 80 BC ended in lynching.
Ptolemy XII Auletes
Ptolemy XII Auletes (Neos Dionysos), Ptolemaic king of Egypt 80-58 and 55-51 BCE and father of Cleopatra VII; known for his flute-playing nickname, 6,000-talent alliance with Rome in 59 BCE, 58 BCE exile under Berenice IV, and restoration by Gabinius in 55 BCE.
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (62/61–47 BCE), Ptolemaic pharaoh of Egypt from 51 BCE, brother-husband and rival of Cleopatra VII; ordered Pompey's murder, fought Caesar in the Alexandrian War, and drowned in the Nile after the Battle of the Nile, aged about 15.
Ptolemy XIV
Ptolemy XIV Philopator was a king of Ptolemaic Egypt, younger brother of Cleopatra VII, her nominal co-ruler from 47 BC until his death in 44 BC.
Ptolemy, son of Agesarchos
Ptolemy, son of Agesarchos (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Ἀγησάρχου) was a Ptolemaic official of Arcadian origin who served as strategos, or governor, of Cyprus in the 2nd century BC.
Punt expedition of Sahure
The Punt expedition of Sahure, or Expedition of Sahure to Punt, was a trading voyage sent around 2450 BC by the Egyptian king Sahure to the land of Punt.
Punt trade mission of Pepi II
The Punt trade mission of Pepi II was Old Kingdom Egypt's trade with Punt under Pepi II (ca. 2278–2184 BCE), known only from two inscriptions.