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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt: Nile-valley civilization of pharaohs, unified around 3100 BC by Narmer, lasting about 3,000 years through Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms; hieroglyphic writing, pyramids at Giza and Saqqara, and gods such as Osiris and Amun-Ra.
Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul
Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul: ka, ba, and akh, with body, shadow, heart, and name, forming the multi-part Egyptian person. Distinguished from Greek body-soul dualism by Zabkar; ka fed by tomb offerings, ba as human-headed bird, akh as united effective spirit.
Ancient Egyptian deities
Ancient Egyptian deities: over 1,500 gods of Egypt's polytheistic religion, from the 4th millennium BCE to Christianity, including Amun-Re, Horus, Osiris, Isis, and Akhenaten's brief Aten monotheism.
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices centered on 70-day mummification with natron, canopic jars, amulets, and coffin burial to secure the afterlife, from Hierakonpolis origins to Roman-era decline.
Ancient Egyptian race controversy
The Ancient Egyptian race controversy disputes the racial classification and origins of ancient Egyptians. Key views: modern-Egyptian continuity, Afrocentric, Eurocentric; modern scholarship treats race as anachronistic, citing genetic continuity and Mesopotamian links in the Nuwayrat genome.
Ancient Egyptian technology
Ancient Egyptian technology: Nile-valley tools and engineering from Predynastic times to 30 BCE, covering pyramid construction with ramps and lubricated blocks, irrigation, papyrus, glass, pottery, and medicine.
Anedjib
Anedjib, also rendered Adjib or Enezib, was a king of Egypt's First Dynasty, buried in Tomb X at Abydos between Den and Semerkhet; his reign was likely under 12 years.
Anen
Anen was an official of Egypt's 18th Dynasty who served as Second Prophet of Amun under Amenhotep III, brother of Queen Tiye and son of Yuya and Thuya.
Ankhefenkhonsu
Ankhefenkhonsu, also written Ankh-af-na-khonsu, was a Theban priest of the god Montu around 700–675 BCE, known for his Cairo sarcophagus and the Stele of Revealing.
Ankhefenmut
Ankhefenmut was a priest and temple sculptor of the goddess Mut at Thebes during Egypt's 21st Dynasty, known chiefly from his inscribed coffin found at Bab el-Gasus.
Ankhefensekhmet
Ankhefensekhmet was High Priest of Ptah at Memphis at the end of Egypt's Twenty-first Dynasty, around 982–962 BC. He is known almost entirely through his son and successor, the High Priest Shedsunefertem.
Ankhesenamun
Ankhesenamun (Ankhesenpaaten), c. 1350 BCE, third daughter of Akhenaten and Nefertiti and great royal wife of Tutankhamun; after his 1327 BCE death she wrote to the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I for a husband, the prince was killed, and she vanished from history; her mummy is unconfirmed.
Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit
Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit, meaning "Ankhesenpaaten the Younger", was a princess of Egypt's 18th Dynasty, generally thought to be the daughter of princess Ankhesenpaaten, though her parentage is disputed.
Ankhesenpepi I
Ankhesenpepi I, also written Ankhesenmeryre I, was a Sixth Dynasty Egyptian queen consort of pharaoh Pepi I, commonly credited as the mother of Merenre I.
Ankhesenpepi II
Ankhesenpepi II, also written Ankhenespepi II or Ankhenesmeryre II, was a Sixth Dynasty Egyptian queen, wife of Pepy I and Merenre I, mother of Pepy II, and his regent.
Ankhesenpepi III
Ankhesenpepi III, also written Ânkhnespépy III, was a Sixth Dynasty queen of ancient Egypt, a daughter of Merenre I and wife of Pepi II, buried at South Saqqara.
Ankhesenpepi IV
Ankhesenpepi IV was a queen consort of ancient Egypt's Sixth Dynasty, a wife of King Pepy II and a possible mother of King Neferkare Neby.
Ankhhaf
Ankhhaf was a prince and vizier of Egypt's Fourth Dynasty who served under Khufu and Khafre and owned the largest mastaba in Giza's Eastern Cemetery.
Ankhka
Ankhka, also written Ankh-ka or Anchka, was a high official of Egypt's First Dynasty, the first of three chancellors serving under King Den around 3000 BCE.
Ankhmahor
Ankhmahor, also written Ankhmahor-Sesi, was a vizier under King Teti, first king of Egypt's Dynasty 6, around 2340 BC, buried in a Saqqara mastaba called the Tomb of the Physician for its circumcision relief.
Ankhmare
Ankhmare was a prince and vizier of Egypt's Fourth Dynasty, a royal son probably of King Khafre, attested in the Giza necropolis by his own mastaba, G 8460.
Ankhnesneferibre
Ankhnesneferibre, also written Ankhenesneferibre, was a 26th Dynasty Egyptian princess, daughter of Psamtik II, who became the last attested God's Wife of Amun at Thebes.
Ankhtifi
Ankhtifi, also written Ankhtify, was a nomarch of Edfu and Hierakonpolis in Egypt's First Intermediate Period around 2100 BC, whose rock-cut tomb at Mo'alla holds one of the era's best-preserved autobiographies.
Ankhu (vizier)
Ankhu was a vizier of ancient Egypt who held the southern half of a divided vizierate, seated at Thebes, during the Thirteenth Dynasty around 1790 BC.
Ankhwa
Ankhwa was an ancient Egyptian official of the Third Dynasty, around 2686–2613 BC, who held the titles royal acquaintance and shipwright, known from a granite statue in the British Museum.
Ankhwennefer (Egyptian rebel ruler)
Ankhwennefer, called Chaonnophris in Greek, was an Egyptian rebel pharaoh of Upper Egypt during the Great Theban Revolt, defeated and executed by Ptolemy V in 186 BC.
Annals of Amenemhat II
The Annals of Amenemhat II are a fragmentary red granite inscription recording the campaigns, expeditions, and tribute of the Twelfth Dynasty king Amenemhat II, found at Memphis.
Annals of Thutmose III
The Annals of Thutmose III, also known as the Karnak Annals, are a long inscription at Karnak temple recording the Asiatic campaigns of Thutmose III (c. 1479–1425 BC), year by year from Megiddo to year 42.
Anra scarab
Anra scarabs are design scarabs of Egypt's Second Intermediate Period whose bases always include the hieroglyphs n and r, produced mainly in Canaan around 1650 to 1530 BC.
Antigone of Epirus
Antigone of Epirus was a Macedonian Greek noblewoman, daughter of Berenice I, who married Pyrrhus I and was queen of Epirus until her death in 295 BC.