145 articles
Campaign of Shalmaneser III against Hazael
The campaign of Shalmaneser III against Hazael was an Assyrian attack on Aram-Damascus in 841 BC; Hazael was defeated but Damascus held, and Jehu of Israel paid tribute.
Campaign of Tiglath-Pileser III to Hatti (738 BC)
The campaign of Tiglath-Pileser III to Hatti in 738 BC was an Assyrian operation against the Syro-Hittite and Aramean states, defeating Hamat and annexing Unqi.
Capture of Damascus (732 BC)
The capture of Damascus in 732 BC, also called the Assyrian conquest of Damascus, saw Tiglath-pileser III besiege the city for 45 days, defeat King Rezin, and annex Aram-Damascus.
Carchemish inscriptions
The Carchemish inscriptions, also called the Carchemish hieroglyphic Luwian corpus, are Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian texts from Karkemish, the largest corpus from any single Neo-Hittite site.
Carpentras Stele
The Carpentras Stele is an Aramaic funerary inscription of unknown provenance and the earliest known Aramaic find from Egypt, dated to the Persian period after 400 BCE.
Çineköy inscription
The Çineköy inscription, a Phoenician and Hieroglyphic Luwian bilingual, was carved in the 8th century BC for Warikas, king of Que in Cilicia near Adana, Turkey.
Deportations to Hamath
The deportations to Hamath were the population transfers after Sargon II destroyed the Syrian city of Hamath around 720 BC, settling Assyrians there and deporting Hamathites to Samaria.
Gabbar of Sam'al
Gabbar, also rendered Gabar, was the first known king of Sam'al, an Iron Age kingdom at Zincirli Höyük in modern Turkey, reigning around the 920s BC.
Gozan Pedestal inscription
The Gozan Pedestal inscription is a short Old Aramaic text on a limestone altar from Tell Halaf, commemorating the Aramaean ruler Zdnt of the Bakhiani house.
Gözne Boundary Stone
The Gözne Boundary Stone is a five-line Aramaic inscription carved on natural rock near Gözne Castle in Mersin Province, Turkey, marking the boundary of Lampron in the name of Baalshamin.
Gurgum
Gurgum was a Syro-Hittite kingdom centered at Marqasi, the modern Kahramanmaraş in southern Turkey, ruled by thirteen Luwian-speaking kings until Assyria annexed it in 711 BC.
Gusi
Gusi (Guši, Guš) was an Aramean ruler of northern Syria around 890–860 BC, eponym of the kingdom of Bit Agusi, whose capital was Arpad and who paid tribute to Assyria.
Hadad-yith'i
Hadad-yith'i, also Adad-it'i, was a ninth-century BC ruler of the Aramean city of Guzana, known only from the bilingual statue he dedicated to Hadad at Tell Fekheriye.
Hadadezer (king of Zobah)
Hadadezer, also spelled Hadarezer, was the Aramean king of Zobah, son of Rehob, whom the Hebrew Bible presents as David's opponent north of Damascus in the tenth century BC.
Halparuntiya I (Gurgum)
Halparuntiya I was a king of Gurgum, a Neo-Hittite kingdom centered on modern Kahramanmaraş in southern Turkey, who reigned around 910 BC as the son of Muwizi and father of Muwatalli II.
Halparuntiya II (Gurgum)
Halparuntiya II, also rendered Qalparunda, was a king of the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Gurgum, reigning from about 860 BC and appearing as a tributary of Shalmaneser III.
Halparuntiya III (Gurgum)
Halparuntiya III, also Qalparunda III, was a king of the Neo-Hittite state of Gurgum, capital at Marqas (modern Kahramanmaraş, Turkey), around 800 BC, known from a gate lion bearing a seven-generation genealogy.
Hama inscriptions
The Hama inscriptions, also called Hama orthostats or Hama stelae, are Hieroglyphic Luwian royal monuments from Hama, Syria, chiefly of the 9th-century BC kings Urhilina and Uratami.
Hamiyata
Hamiyata was a king of Masuwari, the Luwian name for Til Barsip on the Euphrates in Syria, ruling in the late 10th or early 9th century BC.
Hapatila
Hapatila was the earliest named king of Masuwari, the Luwian name of Til Barsip on the Euphrates, known only as a dynastic ancestor of the 10th and 9th centuries BCE.
Harran Census
The Harran Census is a group of Neo-Assyrian clay tablets, excavated at Nineveh and held in the British Museum, that record households, landholdings, and livestock in the district around Harran.
Hasanbeyli inscription
The Hasanbeyli inscription is a Phoenician-language basalt stele acquired in 1894 at Hasanbeyli in southern Turkey, dated roughly 750 to 700 BC and cataloged as KAI 23.
Hattusili (king of Kummuh)
Hattusili, also known as Hattushili and called Qatazili in Assyrian sources, was a 9th-century BC ruler of Kummuhi, a Syro-Hittite kingdom on the upper Euphrates who allied with Assyria.
Hazael (king of Aram-Damascus)
Hazael, also Hasael, was king of Aram-Damascus from about 842 to 798 BC and its most powerful king, a usurper who withstood Assyria and conquered Israelite lands.
Hazael horse frontlet
The Hazael horse frontlet is a bronze horse-bridle plaque with an Aramaic inscription naming Hazael, king of Damascus in the 9th century BC, excavated at the Temple of Hera on Samos in 1984.
Hazael's campaigns in Israel and Transjordan
Hazael's campaigns in Israel and Transjordan, also called Hazael's conquests, were the 9th-century BCE campaigns by which Hazael of Aram-Damascus reduced Israel, Judah, and Transjordan to vassalage.
Hezion
Hezion is a king or royal ancestor of Aram-Damascus in the late 10th century BC, known only from 1 Kings 15:18 as father of Tabrimmon.
Ḫilakku
Ḫilakku was an Iron Age Neo-Hittite land of mountainous western Cilicia, distinct from the plain of Que, first recorded in 858 BC and repeatedly resisting Assyria; its name became Greek Cilicia.
House of Gabbar
The House of Gabbar, or Bit Gabbar, was the royal dynasty of the Iron Age kingdom of Sam'al, ruling from Zincirli from the tenth to the late eighth century BC.
House of Hazael
The House of Hazael, or Hazael dynasty, was the dynasty that ruled the Aramean kingdom of Aram-Damascus from around 842 BC into the early 8th century BC.