58 articles
Arad ostraca
The Arad ostraca, also known as the Arad letters, are Hebrew ink inscriptions on pottery from the Judahite fortress at Tel Arad, written around 600 BCE.
Bulla of Baruch son of Neriah
The bulla of Baruch son of Neriah is an unprovenanced clay seal impression naming Berekhyahu son of Neriyahu, the scribe of the prophet Jeremiah, dated to about 586 BC.
Bulla of Hezekiah
The Bulla of Hezekiah is a clay seal impression reading "Belonging to Hezekiah son of Ahaz king of Judah", found in Jerusalem's Ophel in 2015.
Cuthites
The Cuthites, also called Cutheans (Hebrew Kutim), are the people 2 Kings 17:24 names as settlers brought from Cuthah in Babylonia to Samaria by the Assyrian king after Israel's deportation in the late eighth century BC.
Deuteronomic Code
The Deuteronomic Code is the law collection in Deuteronomy 12–26, governing Israel's worship, courts, and households, traditionally identified with the book found in the Temple in 622 BCE during King Josiah's reform.
Elephantine petition to Bagoas
The Elephantine petition to Bagoas is an Aramaic letter of 407 BCE asking the Persian governor of Judah to authorize rebuilding the Jewish temple at Elephantine, Egypt.
Four-room house
The four-room house is a domestic building type of the Iron Age southern Levant, from about 1200 to 586 BC, with three long spaces and a broad back room.
Gabriel's Revelation
Gabriel's Revelation, also known as Hazon Gabriel, is a Hebrew apocalyptic text in ink on a limestone tablet, probably from east of the Dead Sea, dated to the late first century BCE.
Geshur
Geshur was a small Iron Age Aramean kingdom northeast of the Sea of Galilee, known from the Hebrew Bible as the land of King David's wife Maacah.
Geshurites
The Geshurites were the Iron Age inhabitants of Geshur, a small Aramean kingdom northeast of the Sea of Galilee, remembered as King David's in-laws through Maacah.
Gezer calendar
The Gezer calendar is a small limestone tablet listing a year of agricultural activities, found at Tel Gezer, Israel, in 1908 and dated to the tenth century BCE.
House of Baasha
The House of Baasha was the dynasty that ruled the northern kingdom of Israel from Tirzah, founded when Baasha killed King Nadab about 909 BC.
House of Gadi
The House of Gadi was a short-lived dynasty of the northern kingdom of Israel, founded by Menahem son of Gadi and ended by his son Pekahiah's assassination.
House of Jeroboam
The House of Jeroboam was the short-lived dynasty of the northern kingdom of Israel, founded by Jeroboam I around 931 BC and ended when Baasha exterminated his line.
House of Saul
The House of Saul was the dynasty of Saul, the first king of Israel in the Bible, which lost power to David's house in the 10th century BC.
Isaiah bulla
The Isaiah bulla is a clay seal impression found in Jerusalem in 2009, inscribed with a name that may read "Isaiah the prophet", though this is disputed.
Ivory pomegranate
The ivory pomegranate is a thumb-sized Late Bronze Age ivory carving in the Israel Museum whose inscription, once billed as First Temple, is judged a modern forgery.
Izbet Sartah Ostracon
The Izbet Sartah ostracon is a pottery sherd found in 1976 at an Iron Age village in central Israel, bearing the longest Proto-Canaanite inscription known and possibly the earliest Hebrew writing.
Jehoash Tablet
The Jehoash Tablet, also called the Jehoash Inscription, is a stone tablet bearing a Hebrew inscription of King Jehoash describing First Temple repairs, widely considered a modern forgery.
Jehu dynasty
The Jehu dynasty, or House of Jehu, ruled the kingdom of Israel for over ninety years (841–747 BCE), the Northern Kingdom's longest dynasty, founded by Jehu's coup against the Omrides.
Jehu panel of the Black Obelisk
The Jehu panel is a relief scene on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III showing Jehu, king of Israel, presenting tribute in 841 BC, now in the British Museum.
Judean pillar figurine
The Judean pillar figurine, or Judahite pillar figurine, is a terracotta female figurine made in the kingdom of Judah from the eighth to the sixth century BC.
Ketef Hinnom scrolls
The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also called the Ketef Hinnom silver amulets, are two silver amulets found in a Jerusalem burial cave in 1979, bearing the Priestly Blessing and dating to about 600 BCE.
Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti
The Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti are Hebrew inscriptions carved in a burial cave at Khirbet Beit Lei in the southern Shephelah of Judah, first published in 1963.
Khirbet el-Qom inscription
The Khirbet el-Qom inscription is an 8th-century BC Hebrew votive graffito from a burial cave in Judah, blessing a man named Uriyahu by Yahweh and his asherah.
Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon
The Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon is a five-line ink inscription on a pottery sherd, dated to about 1000 BC and found at the fortified site of Khirbet Qeiyafa in Israel.
Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions
The Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions are mostly Hebrew texts from about 800 BCE found in northern Sinai, famous for blessings invoking "Yahweh of Samaria and his Asherah".
Lachish Letters
The Lachish Letters, also called the Lachish ostraca, are Hebrew inscriptions on pottery sherds found at Lachish in the 1930s, dating to just before the Babylonian conquest of Judah.
LMLK seal impressions
LMLK seal impressions (Hebrew למלך, "belonging to the king") are royal stamps on ancient Judahite storage-jar handles, produced chiefly under King Hezekiah in the late 8th century BC.
Mesad Hashavyahu Ostracon
The Mesad Hashavyahu ostracon (Yavneh-Yam ostracon) is a 14-line Hebrew letter on pottery from about 630 BCE, in which a reaper petitions a governor for the return of his confiscated garment.